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Medical Terminology > chap 15 Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

chap 15 Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q 
* Musculoskeletal System
Bones: 
Muscles:
Joints:
Tendons: 
Ligaments:
A

Musculoskeletal System: bones, muscles, and joints of the body

Bones: structural support and protection of internal organs

Muscles: internal and external movement

Joints: where bones come together/type determined by need for flexibility

Tendons: bind muscles to bones

Ligaments: bind bones to other bones

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2
Q
  • Bone Formation
A

Ossification: replacement of cartilage with bone
Cells:
- Osteoblast: produce immature bony tissue that replaces cartilage
- Osteocyte: nourishes and maintains bone
- Osteoclast: reabsorb or digest bone (remodels bone)

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3
Q
  • Bone Structure
A
  • Long, short, flat, sesamoid (in shape)
  • Diaphysis: shaft ( than xuong)
  • Epiphysis: end
  • Metaphysis: conelike flared portion between end and shaft
  • Epiphyseal line or plate: growth plate where cartilage replaced by bone for bone growth (in length)
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4
Q
  • Bone Structure (cont’d)

Cau tao xuong va ben trong xuong

A

(A) Divisions of a long bone and interior structure

(B) composition of compact (cortical) bone

  • Articular cartilage: khop sun o bia 2 dau xuong
  • Cancellous bone = spongy or trabecular bone : xuong xop o Metaphysis
  • Compact bone : xuong ran chac
  • Harversian canals: ranh trong compact bone
  • Periosteum: mang xuong
  • Medullary cavity: khoang tuy song chua bone marrow
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5
Q
  • Bone Marrow
A
  • Yellow marrow: chiefly fat
  • Red marrow: rich with blood vessels and immature and mature blood cells in various stages of development; in later life replaced with yellow marrow; hematopoieses is the formation of all types of blood cells in the bone marrow
  • Ribs, pelvic bone, sternum, vertebrae, epiphyses of long bones
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6
Q
  • Bone Processes and Depressions
A

Processes: serve as attachments for muscles, tendons, and ligaments

Depressions: openings or hollow regions help join bones or serve as passageways for nerves and/or vessels

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7
Q
  • Facial Bones (cont’d)
A
  • Nasal bones
  • Lacrimal bones : xuong tuyen le
  • Maxillary bones: xuong ham tren
  • Mandibular bones: xuong ham duoi
  • Zygomatic bones: xuong thai duong
  • Vomer: xuong mui
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8
Q
  • Sinuses
A

Air cavities located in facial and cranial bone lighten the skull and warm and moisten the air as it passes into the respiratory system.

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9
Q
  • Bones: Thorax, Pelvis and Extremities (cont’d)
A
  • Thorax: clavicle, scapula, sternum, ribs
  • Arm and Hand: humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
  • Pelvis: pelvic girdle, ilium, ischium, pubis

clavicle: xuong don
scapula: ba vai
sternum:nguc
carpals:co tay
metacarpal:ban tay
phalanges: dot ngon tay,chan
pelvic girdle: dai hong, dai chau
ilium: xuong chau
ischium: u ngoi, dot hang

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10
Q

epiphysis

A

Each end of a long bone; area beyond the epiphyseal plate

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11
Q

facial bones

A

Bones of the face: lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, and zygomatic

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12
Q

fontanelle

A

Soft spot (incomplete bone formation) between the skull bones of an infant

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13
Q

sella turcica

A

Depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located

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14
Q

sinus

A

Hollow air cavity within a bone

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15
Q

styloid process

A

Pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull

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16
Q

The process of bone formation is ____________.

olecranon
ossification
osteoblast
xiphoid process

A

ossification

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17
Q

calc/o

A

calcium

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18
Q

calci/o

A

calcium

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19
Q

kyph/o

A

posterior curvature in thoracic region

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20
Q

lamin/o

A

lamina

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21
Q

lord/o

A

curve

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22
Q

lumb/o

A

loins, lower back

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23
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow

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24
Q

orth/o

A

straight

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25
Q

oste/o

A

bone

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26
Q

scoli/o

A

crooked

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27
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebra

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28
Q

vertebr/o

A

vertebra

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29
Q

-blast

A

embryonic cell

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30
Q

-clast

A

to break

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31
Q

-listhesis

A

slipping

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32
Q

-malacia

A

softening

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33
Q

-physis

A

to grow

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34
Q

-porosis

A

pore, passage

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35
Q

-tome

A

instrument to cut

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36
Q

acetabul/o

A

acetabulum (hip socket)

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37
Q

calcane/o

A

calcaneus (heal)

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38
Q

carp/o

A

carpals (wrist bones)

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39
Q

clavicul/o

A

clavicle (collar bone)

40
Q

cost/o

A

ribs

41
Q

crani/o

A

cranium (skull)

42
Q

femor/o

A

femur (thigh bones)

43
Q

fibul/o

A

fibula (smaller lower leg bone)

44
Q

humer/o

A

humerus (upper arm bone)

45
Q

ili/o

A

ilium (upper part of pelvic bone)

46
Q

ischi/o

A

ischium (part of pelvic bone)

47
Q

malleol/o

A

malleolus

48
Q

mandibul/o

A

mandible (lower jaw bone)

49
Q

maxill/o

A

maxilla (upper jaw bone)

50
Q

metacarp/o

A

metacarpals (hand bones)

51
Q

metatars/o

A

metatarsals (foot bones) :

khoi xuong ban chan

52
Q

olecran/o

A

olecranon (elbow)

mau’ khuyu

53
Q

patell/o

A

patella (kneecap)

xuong banh che o dau goi

54
Q

pelv/i

A

pelvis

55
Q

perone/o

A

fibula

xuong ngoai cua dui (xuong mac’)

56
Q

phalang/o

A

phalanges (finger, toe bones)

xuong dot ngon tay chan

57
Q

pub/o

A

pubis

58
Q

radi/o

A

radius

xuong quay (co tay)

59
Q

scapul/o

A

scapula (shoulder blade)

xuong ba vai

60
Q

stern/o

A

sternum (breastbone)

xuong nguc (giua 2 xuong suon)

61
Q

tars/o

A

tarsals

xuong co chan

62
Q

tibi/o

A

tibia (shin bone)

xuong ong chan (lower leg)

63
Q

uln/o

A

ulna (lower arm bone)

xuong tru (tay)

64
Q 
Pathology — Bones
Ewing sarcoma: 
exostosis: 
osteogenic sarcoma: 
osteomalacia: 
osteomyelitis: 
talipes:
A

Ewing sarcoma: malignant bone tumor

exostosis: bony growth on surface of bone

osteogenic sarcoma: malignant tumor arising from bone

osteomalacia: softening of bone
osteomyelitis: inflammation secondary to infection
talipes: congenital abnormality of hindfoot involving the talus (clubfoot)

65
Q 
Femur
Comminuted fracture
Greenstick fracture
Humerus
Compound fracture
Impacted fracture 
Radius
Colles fracture
Compression fracture
A

Femur : xuong dui
Comminuted fracture: gay vun
Greenstick fracture: 1 ben gay, 1 ben cong
Humerus: xuong canh tay
Compound fracture: gay loi xuong ra ngoai da
Impacted fracture: gay bi lech xuong
Radius: xuong co tay
Colles fracture: gay xuong co tay
Compression fracture: gay do xuong nen vao nhau

66
Q

Joints

A

Joint (articulation): coming together of two or more bones

\+ Suture joints: immovable (skull)

\+ Synovial joints: freely movable (ball and socket types, e.g., hip or shoulder), (hinge type, for example, elbow, knee, ankle)
67
Q

The connective tissue that binds muscles to bones is ____________.

ligament
articulation
synovial membrane
tendon

A

tendon

68
Q

ankyl/o

A

stiff

69
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

70
Q

articul/o

A

joint

71
Q

burs/o

A

bursa

72
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

73
Q

ligament/o

A

ligament

74
Q

rheumat/o

A

watery flow

75
Q

synov/o

A

synovial membrane

76
Q

ten/o

A

tendon

77
Q

tendin/o

A

tendon

78
Q

-desis

A

to bind, tie together

79
Q

-stenosis

A

narrowing

80
Q 
Pathology — Joints
     Arthritis
 - Ankylosing spondylitis: 
 - Gouty arthritis: 
 - Osteoarthritis (OA): 
 - Rheumatoid arthritis (RA):
A

Arthritis: inflammation of any joint (viem khop)

  • Ankylosing spondylitis: chronic progressive stiffening of joints, mostly spine (viem cung khop dot song)
  • Gouty arthritis: inflammation due to excessive uric acid in body (benh gut’)
  • Osteoarthritis (OA): loss of articular cartilage and formation of bone spurs at articular surfaces; can occur in any joint, but mainly in spine, hips, and knees of older people (viem hop xuong man tinh)
  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): autoimmune reaction against joint tissues (synovial membrane) (viem hop man tinh)

synovial membrane: man hoat dich (boc khop va boi tron)

81
Q

Pathology — Joints (cont’d)
Ganglion:
Herniation of an intervertebral disk:
Lyme disease:

A

Ganglion: a fluid-filled cyst arising from the joint capsule or a tendon in the wrist. (hach)

Herniation of an intervertebral disk: abnormal protrusion of the disk into the neural canal or against spinal nerves; “slipped disk”. (thoat vi dis den)

Lyme disease: recurrent arthritis, myalgia, malaise and neurologic and cardiac symptoms; often marked by a “bull’s eye” rash at the site of the tick bite.

myalgia: dau khop
malaise: tinh trang kho chiu

82
Q
  • Rotation
  • Flexion
  • Extension
  • Abduction
  • Adduction
  • Dorsiflexion
  • Plantar flexion
  • Supination:
  • Pronation
  • Ulna:
  • Radius:
A
  • Rotation: quay dau qua lai
  • Flexion: cong tay len
  • Extension: thang tay ra
  • Abduction: Movement away from midline of body
    (dua thang tay ra ngoai)
  • Adduction: Movement toward midline of body
    (thu thang tay vao)
  • Dorsiflexion: Backward (upward) bending of the foot
    (cong ban chan vao)
  • Plantar flexion: Bending the sole of the foot downward toward the ground (long ban chan ra)
  • Supination: ngua long ban tay
  • Pronation: up long ban tay
  • Ulna: xuong khuy tay
  • Radius: xuong quay
83
Q

Movement AWAY from the midline of the body is ____________.

adduction
abduction
flexion
dorsiflexion

A

. adbuction

84
Q

fasci/o

A

fascia

85
Q

fibr/o

A

fibrous

86
Q

leiomy/o

A

smooth muscle

87
Q

my/o

A

muscle

88
Q

myocardi/o

A

heart muscle

89
Q

myos/o

A

muscle

90
Q

plant/o

A

sole of the foot

91
Q

rhabdomy/o

A

skeletal muscle connected to bones

92
Q

-asthenia

A

lack of strength

93
Q

-trophy

A

development, nourishment

94
Q

ab-

A

away from

95
Q

ad-

A

toward

96
Q

dorsi-

A

back

97
Q

poly-

A

many, much

Medical Terminology (27 decks)

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