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Medical Terminology > Chap 12 Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chap 12 Respiratory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q
  • Alveolus

Pl.: alveoli

A

Air sac in the lung

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2
Q
  • Apex of the lung
A

Tip or uppermost portion of the lung

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3
Q

Base of the lung

A

The lower portion of the lung

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4
Q

Bronchioles

A

The smallest branches of the bronchi

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5
Q

Bronchus

Pl.: Bronchi

A

The branch of the trachea ( windpipe) that is a passageway into the lung; bronchial tube

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6
Q
  • Carbon dioxide (Co2)
A

Gas produced by body cells when oxygen and carbon atoms from food combine; exhaled through the lungs

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7
Q
  • Cilia
A

Thin hairs attached to mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract.

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8
Q
  • Diaphragm
A

Muscle separating the chest and abdomen; contract to pull air into lungs; relaxes to push air out

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9
Q

Epiglottis

A

Lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx; keeps food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing .

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10
Q

Expiration

A

Breathing out (exhalation)

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11
Q

Glottis

A

Slit-like opening to the larynx

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12
Q
  • Hilum (of lung)
A

Midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs

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13
Q
  • Inspiration
A

Breathing in ( inhalation)

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14
Q
  • Larynx
A

Voice box; contains the vocal cords

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15
Q
  • Lobe
A

Division of a lung

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16
Q
  • Mediastinum
A

The region between lungs in the chest cavity; contains the trachea, heart, lymph nodes, aorta, esophagus, and bronchial tubes

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17
Q
  • Nares
A

Openings through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavity

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18
Q

Oxygen ( O2)

A

Gas that makes up 21% of air; passes into the bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all body cells

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19
Q

Palatine tonsil

A

One of a pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx

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20
Q

Paranasal sinus

A

One of the air cavities in the bones near the nose

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21
Q

Parietal pleura

A

Outer fold of pheura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall

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22
Q

Pharynx

A

The throat; including the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

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23
Q

Pleura

A

Double-folded membrane surrounding each lung

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24
Q

Pleural cavity

A

Space between the folds of the pleura

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25
Q

Pulmonary parenchyma

A

Essential parts of the lung, responsible for respiration; bronchioles and alveoli

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26
Q

Respiration

A

The process of moving air into and out of the lungs; breathing.

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27
Q

Trachea

A

Windpipe

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28
Q

Visceral pleura

A

Inner fold of pleura lying closer to the lung tissue

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29
Q

Adenoid/o

A

Adenoids

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30
Q

alveol/o

A

Alveolus, air sac

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31
Q

Bronch/o

A

Bronchial tube

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32
Q

Bronchi/o

A

bronchus

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33
Q

bronchiol/o

A

Bronchiole , small bronchus

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34
Q

capn/o

A

Carbon dioxide

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35
Q

Coni/o

A

Dust

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36
Q

cyan/o

A

Blue

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37
Q

epiglott/o

A

Epiglottis

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38
Q

Laryng/o

A

Larynx, voice box

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39
Q

lob/o

A

Lobe of the lung

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40
Q
  • Adenoids
A

Lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx; pharyngeal tonsils

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41
Q

Mediastin/o

A

Mediastinum

Trung that, vach

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42
Q

nas/o

A

Nose

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43
Q

orth/o

A

Straight, upright

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44
Q

o/xo

A

Oxygen

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45
Q

pector/o

A

Chest

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46
Q

pharyng/o

A

Pharynx, throat

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47
Q

phon/o

A

Voice

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48
Q

phren/o

A

Diaphragm

49
Q

pleur/o

A

Pleura

50
Q

pneum/o

A

Air, lung

51
Q

pneumon/o

A

Lung

52
Q

pulmon/o

A

Lung

53
Q

rhin/o

A

Nose

54
Q

sinus/o

A

Sinus cavity

55
Q

spir/o

A

Breathing

56
Q

tel/o

A

Complete

57
Q

Thorac/o

A

Chest

58
Q

tonsill/o

A

Tonsils

59
Q

trache/o

A

Trachea, windpipe

60
Q

-ema

A

Condition

61
Q

-osmia

A

Smell

62
Q

-pnea

A

Breathing

63
Q

-ptysis

A

Spitting

64
Q

-sphyxia

A

Pulse

65
Q

-thorax

A

Pleural cavity, chest

66
Q

External respiration:

A

Exchange of air in lung capillaries

  • Oxygen inhaled into the air sacs of the lungs.
  • Immediately passes into capillaries.
  • Carbon dioxide passes from capillaries into the air sacs, to be exhaled.
67
Q

Internal respiration

A

Exchange of gases in the cells.

  • Occurs simultaneously b/w cells and capillaries.
  • Oxygen passes out of the bloodstream into the tissues.
  • Carbon dioxide passes out of tissues back into the bloodstream to travel to the lungs.
68
Q
  • Conduct air :
A
  • Nose
  • Nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses.
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
69
Q
  • Exchange gases
A
  • Bronchioles
  • Alveoli
  • Lung capillaries
70
Q

Auscultation

A

Su nghe benh

71
Q

Percussion

A

Su go ( chan doan benh)

72
Q

Pleural rub

A

Co xac

73
Q

Rale (crackle)

A

Tieng tho k binh thuong

74
Q

Rhonchus

A

Ran ngay

75
Q

Sputum

A

Nuoc bot, dom, dai

76
Q

Stridor

A

Tieng tho kho khe

77
Q

Wheeze

A

Tho kho khe

78
Q

Upper respiratory disorders:
1. Croup

2. Diphtheria
3. Epistaxis 
4. Pertussis
A
  1. Benh bach hau thanh quan: acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, barking cough, and stridor.
  2. Benh bach hau
  3. Su chay mau cam : nosebleed
  4. Chung ho lau ngay : whooping cough
79
Q

Bronchial tube disorders:

  1. Asthma
  2. Bronchiectasis
  3. Chronic bronchitis
  4. Cystic fibrosis
A
  1. Benh hen, suyen
  2. Chung dan phe quan
  3. Viem phoi mang tinh
  4. Xo nang
80
Q
  • Atelectasis
A

Xep phoi

Collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli.

81
Q
  • Emphysema
A

Thieu dan hoi va bi lung thanh tui khi

Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls.

82
Q
  • Lung cancer
A

Ung thu phoi

83
Q
  • Pneumoconiosis
A

Ho di ung do hit phai nhieu bui

84
Q
  • Pneumonia
A

Viem tui khi cap tinh (alveoli)

85
Q
  • Pulmonary abscess
A

Ap-xe phoi ( mu, viem)

86
Q
  • Pulmonary edema
A

Phoi u nuoc

87
Q
  • Pulmonary embolism (PE)
A

Nghen mach phoi

88
Q
  • Pulmonary fibrosis
A

Chung xo hoa phoi

89
Q
  • Sarcoidosis
A

Co nhieu khoi u nho

90
Q
  • Tuberculosis (TB)
A

Benh lao phoi

Infection disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; lung usually are involved, but any organ in the body may be affected.

91
Q
  • Atelectasis:
A
  • Two forms
  • Proximal obstruction of distal airways.
  • Accumulations of fluid, blood, or air in the pleural cavity.
92
Q

Pleural disorders:

  1. Mesothelioma
  2. Pleural effusion
  3. Pleurisy (pleuritis)
  4. Pneumonthorax
A
  1. U trung bieu mo
  2. Tran dich mang phoi
  3. Viem mang phoi
  4. Chung tran khi nguc
93
Q
  • Pneumonthorax
A

Air gathers in the pleural cavity.

94
Q
  • Anthracosis
A

Benh nhiem bui than phoi

95
Q
  • Asbestosis
A

Benh bui amiang

96
Q

Bacilli

A

Khuan hinh que, truc khuan

Rod-shaped bacteria

97
Q
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
A

Benh nghen mach phoi man tinh

98
Q
  • Cor pulmonale
A

Tam phe ( tac nghen tuan hoan phoi)

Failure of the right heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood to the lungs b/c of underlying lung disease.

99
Q
  • Exudate
A

Chat ro ri, tiet dich

100
Q
  • Hydrothorax
A

Collection of fluid in the pleural cavity.

101
Q
  • Infiltrate (v)
A

Collection of fluid or other material within the lung.

102
Q
  • Palliative
A

Tam thoi lam diu, giam dau

Relieving symptoms, but not curing the disease.

Noncurative and includes: antibiotics, mucolytics, bronchodilators, respiratory therapy, and surgical resection if other therapies are not effective.

103
Q
  • Paroxysmal
A

Bat ngo, boc phat

104
Q
  • Pulmonary infarction
A

Area of necrosis ( death of lung tissue)

105
Q
  • Purulent
A

Co mu, chay mu

Containing pus

106
Q
  • Silicosis
A

Benh bui silica or glass trong phoi

107
Q

Nuclear tests:

1. PET scan:
2. Ventilation- perfusion (V/Q) scan:
A
  1. Positron emission tomography (PET) scan of the lung

2. Inhalation of radioactive gas for imaging, followed by injection of different radioactive material for imaging.

108
Q
  • Bronchoscopy
A

Soi phe quan

Fiberoptic or rigid endoscope inserted into the bronchial tubes for diagnosis, biopsy, or collection of secretions

109
Q

Endotracheal intubation

A

Placement of tube from mouth to trachea to establish airway.

110
Q
  • Laryngoscopy
A

Soi thanh quan

111
Q
  • Lung biopsy
A

Lay mo trong phoi coi wa kinh hien vi

112
Q
  • Mediastinoscopy
A

Noi soi trung that

113
Q
  • Pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
A

Kiem tra chuc nang phoi

Measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs

114
Q
  • Thoracentesis
A

Hut dich phoi

Surgical puncture to remove fluid from pleural space

115
Q
  • Thoracotomy
A

Mo nguc

Large surgical incision of the chest

It necessary for lung biopsies and resection (lobectomy and pneumonectomy)

116
Q
  • Thorascopy
A

Mo noi soi nguc

Can diagnose and treat conditions of the lung, pleura, and mediastinum.

117
Q
  • Tracheostomy
A

Mo khi quan

Surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck.

118
Q
  • Tuberculin test
A

Thu lao phoi

119
Q
  • Tube thoracostomy
A

Mo nguc (= luong ong)

Medical Terminology (27 decks)

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