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Medical Terminology > Chap 17 The Eye and Ear > Flashcards

Chap 17 The Eye and Ear Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q 
What is the soft, jellylike material behind the lens in the vitreous chamber that helps maintain the shape of the eyeball?
Sclera
Vitreous humor
Aqueous humor
Fovea centralis
A

B: vitreous humor.

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2
Q
  • accommodation
A

Normal adjustment of the eye to focus on objects from far to near

qua trinh dieu tiet

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3
Q
  • anterior chamber
A

The area behind the cornea and in front of the lens and iris

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4
Q
  • aqueous humor
A

Fluid produced by the ciliary body and found in anterior chamber

thuy dich

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5
Q
  • biconvex
A

Consisting of two surfaces that are rounded, elevated, and curved evenly; lens of the eye is biconvex

2 mat loi

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6
Q
  • choroid
A

Middle, vascular layer of the eye, between the retina and the sclera

mang trach

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7
Q
  • ciliary body
A

Structure surrounding the lens that connects the choroid and iris; controls shape of lens and secretes aqueous humor

nep mi, the mi

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8
Q
  • cone
A

Photoreceptor cell in the retina that transforms light energy into a nerve impulse; responsible for color and central vision

te bao hinh non

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9
Q
  • conjunctiva
A

Delicate membrane that lines the undersurface of eyelids and covers anterior eyeball

mang ket , ket mac

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10
Q
  • cornea
A

Fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of eyeball

giac mac

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11
Q
  • fovea centralis
A

Tiny depression in the retina that is the region of clearest vision

cac ho trung tam

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12
Q
  • fundus of the eye
A

Posterior, inner part of the eye

day mat

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13
Q
  • iris
A

Pigmented layer that opens and closes to allow more or less light into the eye

trong den

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14
Q
  • lens
A

Transparent, biconvex body behind the pupil of the eye

thuy tinh the

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15
Q
  • macula
A

Yellowish region on the retina lateral to and slightly below the optic disc

cham vang

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16
Q
  • optic chiasm
A

The point at which optic nerve fibers cross in the brain

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17
Q
  • optic disc
A

The region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina; blind spot

dia thi giac

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18
Q
  • optic nerve
A

Cranial nerve carrying impulses from the retina to the brain

than kinh thi giac

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19
Q
  • pupil
A

Central opening of the eye, surrounded by the iris, through which light rays pass

con nguoi

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20
Q

refraction

A

Bending of light rays by the cornea, lens, and fluids of the eye to bring the rays into focus on the retina

su khuc xa

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21
Q

retina

A

Light-sensitive nerve cell layer of the eye containing photoreceptor cells

vong mac

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22
Q

rod

A

Photoreceptor cell of retina essential for vision in dim light and for peripheral vision

peripheral: ngoai vi

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23
Q

sclera

A

Tough, white outer coat of the eyeball

mang cung mat

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24
Q

thalamus

A

Relay center of the brain

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25
Q

vitreous humor

A

Soft, jelly-like material behind the lens in the vitreous chamber

mang thuy dich

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26
Q
  • aque/o
A

water

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27
Q
  • blephar/o
A

eyelid

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28
Q
  • conjunctiv/o
A

conjunctiva

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29
Q
  • cor/o
A

pupil

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30
Q
  • corne/o
A

cornea

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31
Q
  • cycl/o
A

ciliary body

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32
Q
  • dacry/o
A

tears, tear duct

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33
Q
  • ir/o
A

iris

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34
Q
  • irid/o
A

iris

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35
Q
  • kerat/o
A

cornea

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36
Q
  • lacrim/o
A

tears

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37
Q
  • ocul/o
A

eye

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38
Q
  • ophthalm/o
A

eye

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39
Q
  • opt/o
A

eye, vision

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40
Q
  • optic/o
A

eye, vision

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41
Q
  • palpebr/o
A

eyelid

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42
Q
  • papill/o
A

optic disc

43
Q
  • phac/o
A

lens of the eye

44
Q
  • phak/o
A

lens of the eye

45
Q
  • pupill/o
A

pupil

46
Q
  • retin/o
A

retina

47
Q
  • scler/o
A

sclera (white of the eye)

48
Q
  • uve/o
A

uvea

49
Q
  • vitre/o
A

glassy

50
Q
  • ambly/o
A

dull, dim

51
Q
  • dipl/o
A

double

52
Q
  • glauc/o
A

gray

53
Q
  • mi/o
A

smaller, less

54
Q
  • mydr/o
A

widen, enlarge

55
Q
  • nyct/o
A

night

56
Q
  • phot/o
A

light

57
Q
  • presby/o
A

old age

58
Q
  • scot/o
A

darkness

59
Q
  • xer/o
A

dry

60
Q
  • -opia
A

vision

61
Q
  • -opsia
A

vision

62
Q
  • -tropia
A

to turn

63
Q
  • Which term means inflammation of the eyelid?

Ophthalmoplegia
Keratitis
Blepharitis
Blepharoptosis

A

C: blepharitis.

64
Q
  • Errors of Refraction
A
  • Astigmatism: defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye
  • Hyperopia: farsightedness
  • Myopia: nearsightedness
  • Presbyopia: impairment of vision due to old age reducing lens accommodation
65
Q

Cataract:

A

clouding of the lens

benh duc nan mat

66
Q

Chalazion:

A

a small, hard, cystic mass on the eyelid; formed as a result of chronic inflammation of sebaceous gland along margin of eyelid

noi mat hop

67
Q

Diabetic retinopathy

A

Diabetic retinopathy: retinal effects caused by diabetes mellitus include:

  • Microaneurysms : phinh tinh mach nho
  • Hemorrhages
  • Dilation of retinal veins
  • Neovascularization : high thanh mach may moi

benh vong mac do benh tieu duong

68
Q
  • Glaucoma
A

increased intraocular pressure damages the retina and optic nerve

benh tang nhan ap
intraocular: noi nhan;

69
Q

*
Hordeolum (stye):

Macular degeneration:

Nystagmus:

Strabismus:

A
  • Hordeolum (stye): staph infection of a sebaceous gland in the eyelid
  • Macular degeneration: progressive damage to the macular of the retina
  • Nystagmus: repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes
  • Strabismus: abnormal deviation of the eye

Nystagmus: chung giat cau mat; Strabismus: mat le’; deviation: su lech

70
Q

Retinal detachment:

  • Photopsia:
  • Floaters:
  • Scleral buckle:
  • Pneumatic retinopexy:
A

Retinal detachment: two layers of the retina separate from each other

  • Photopsia: bright flashes of light
  • Floaters: vitreous clumps of retina
  • Scleral buckle: a belt used to buckle the retina to the sclera
  • Pneumatic retinopexy: a gas bubble is injected in vitreous cavity to help reattach the retina
71
Q

Diagnostic Procedures:

Fluorescein angiography

Ophthalmoscopy

Slit lamp microscopy

A
  • Fluorescein angiography: dye injection to examine blood flow in the retina
  • Ophthalmoscopy: visual examination of the interior of the eye through dilated pupil
  • Slit lamp microscopy: magnified view of expanded number of eye structures
72
Q

Diagnostic Procedures (cont’d)

Visual acuity test

A

assesses clarity of vision

73
Q

Diagnostic Procedures (cont’d)

Visual field test:

A

measures visual fields when eyes are fixed forward

74
Q

Treatment:

Enucleation:

Laser photocoagulation:

LASIK:

Keratoplasty

Scleral buckle

Phacoemulsification

Vitrectomy

A
  • Enucleation: removal of the entire eyeball
  • Laser photocoagulation: an argon laser creates an inflammatory reaction that seals retinal tears and leaky blood vessels
  • LASIK: laser to correct errors of refraction by sculpting the cornea
  • Keratoplasty: surgical repair of the cornea
  • Scleral buckle: suture of a silicone band to the sclera over the detached portion of retina
  • Phacoemulsification: ultrasound to break up lens for aspiration for cataract removal
  • Vitrectomy: removal of vitreous and replacement with a clear solution
75
Q 
*
AMD
HEENT
IOL
IOP
LASIK
OD
OS
OU
A

AMD : Age-related macular degeneration

HEENT: Head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat

IOL: Intraocular lens

IOP: Intraocular pressure

LASIK: Laser in situ keratomileusis

OD: Right eye; doctor or optometry

OS: Left eye

OU: Both eyes

76
Q 
*
PERRLA
POAG
PRK
VA
VF
A

PERRLA: Pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation

POAG: Primary, open-angle glaucoma

PRK: Photorefractive keratectomy

VA: Visual acuity

VF: Visual field

77
Q

The Ear

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

A

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

The outer ear receives sound waves.

Sound waves travel to the middle ear.

Sound vibrations reach the inner ear (labyrinth).

78
Q
  • Outer ear
A
  • Pinna or auricle: projecting flap

- External auditory meatus (auditory canal)

79
Q
  • Middle ear
A
  • Tympanic membrane (eardrum)
  • Malleus
  • Incus
  • Stapes
  • Oval window
  • Eustachian tube
80
Q
  • Inner ear: labyrinth
A
  • Cochlea

- Auditory nerve fibers

81
Q
  • Balance and equilibrium
A
  • Vestibule

- Semicircular canals

82
Q

auditory canal

auditory meatus

auditory nerve fibers

A

auditory canal: Channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum

auditory meatus: Auditory canal

auditory nerve fibers: Carry impulses from the inner ear to the brain

83
Q

auditory tube

auricle

cerumen

A

auditory tube: Channel between the middle ear and nasopharynx; eustachian tube

auricle: Flap of the ear; protruding part of external ear, or pinna

Waxy substance secreted by the external ear; also called earwax

84
Q

cochlea

endolymph

eustachian tube

A

cochlea: Snail-shaped, spirally wound tube in the inner ear
endolymph: Fluid within the labyrinth of the inner ear

eustachian tube: Auditory tube

85
Q

incus

labyrinth

malleus

A

incus: Second ossicle of the middle ear
labyrinth: Maze-like series of canals of the inner ear
malleus: First ossicle of the middle ear

86
Q

organ of Corti

ossicle

oval window

A

organ of Corti: Sensitive auditory receptor area found in the cochlea of the inner ear

ossicle: Small bone of the ear

oval window: Membrane between the middle ear and the inner ear

87
Q

perilymph

pinna

semicircular canals

A

Fluid contained in the labyrinth of the inner ear

Auricle; flap of the ear

Passages in the inner ear associated with maintaining equilibrium

88
Q

stapes

tympanic membrane

vestibule

A

stapes: Third ossicle of the middle ear

tympanic membrane: Membrane between the outer and the middle ear; eardrum

vestibule: Central cavity of the labyrinth, connecting the semicircular canals and the cochlea

89
Q

What is the snail-shaped, spirally wound tube in the inner ear that contains hearing-sensitive receptor cells?

Pinna
Auricle
Ossicle
Cochlea

A

D: cochlea.

90
Q

myring/o

A

eardrum, tympanic membrane

91
Q

ossicul/o

A

ossicle

92
Q

ot/o

A

ear

93
Q

salping/o

A

Eustachian tube

94
Q

staped/o

A

stapes

95
Q

tyman/o

A

eardrum, tympanic membrane

96
Q

vestibul/o

A

vestibule

97
Q

-acusis or-cusis

A

hearing

98
Q

-meter

A

instrument for measure

99
Q

-otia

A

ear condition

100
Q

Symptoms and Pathologic Conditions

Acoustic neuroma:

Cholesteatoma:

Deafness:

A
  • Acoustic neuroma: benign tumor arising from 8th cranial nerve, causes tinnitus, vertigo, dizziness, and decreased hearing
  • Cholesteatoma: skin cells and cholesterol in a sac in the middle ear (cyst-like mass associated with chronic infections)
  • Deafness: loss of ability to hear
101
Q

Ménière disease:

Otitis media:

Otosclerosis:

A
  • Ménière disease: disorder of the labyrinth with elevated endolymph pressure in the cochlea and semicircular canals causing tinnitus, sensitivity to sound, progressive hearing loss, headache, nausea, and vertigo
  • Otitis media: inflammation of the middle ear
  • Otosclerosis: hardening of bony tissue in the labyrinth
102
Q

Tinnitus:

Vertigo:

A

Tinnitus: sensation of noises (ringing, buzzing, whistling, booming) in the ears

Vertigo: sensation of irregular motion (whirling) from disease of the inner ear or nerve carrying messages from the semicircular canals

103
Q

Clinical Procedures:

Audiometry:

Cochlear implant:

Ear thermometry:

A
  • Audiometry: an audiometer is an electric device used to determine hearing loss by frequency
  • Cochlear implant: a surgically implanted device that allows sensorineural hearing-impaired persons to understand speech
  • Ear thermometry: body temperature measured with infrared radiation from the eardrum
104
Q

Otoscopy:

Tuning fork test:

Rinne:

Weber:

A

Otoscopy: visual examination of the ear with a small, hand-held scope

Tuning fork test: hearing tests using a vibrating fork

Rinne: fork is place against the mastoid bone (bone conduction) and in front of the auditory meatus (air conduction)

Weber: fork is placed on the center of the forehead; normal hearing has equal loudness in both ears

Medical Terminology (27 decks)

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