Chap 11 Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Arteries:
Are the vessels that lead away from the heart.
Artery:
- Outer layer
- Muscle layer
- Elastic layer
- Inner layer
- Endothelium
Veins
Have thinner walls than arteries and move deoxygenated blood toward the heart from the tissues.
Vein:
- Outer layer
- Muscle layer
- Inner layer
- Valve : van tim
- Endothelium : mang trong
Capillaries:
Are the smallest vessels. They form the point of exchange for oxygen and nutrients into body cells and waste products coming from body cells
Patent is a term that means “open”
Capillary:
- endothelium
Arterioles
Smaller branches of arteries
Venules
Small vein that carry waste-filled blood back to the heart.
Tricuspid valve
Van ba la
( cusps are flaps of the valves):
between the right atrium and right ventricle
Pulmonary valve:
Between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery.
Van phoi
Mitral valve
Between the left atrium and left ventricle
- 20% of females have defects here-etiology unknown
Aortic valve
Between the left atrium and aorta.
Two phases of the heartbeat:
- Diastole: relaxation
- Systole: contraction
+ The diastole-systole cardiac cycle occurs between 70 to 80 times per minute ( 100,000 times per day).
+ The heart pumps 3 oz of blood with each contraction. This means that about 5 quarts are pumped per minute (75 gallons/hour and about 2000 gallons/day)
Heart sound
Closure of valves associated with sounds “ lubb-dubb, lubb-dubb”
- lubb: closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves at the beginning of systole
- dubb: closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves at the end of systole
- murmur: an abdominal heart sound caused by improper valve closure
- > sounds like a swooshing noise
Cardiovascular system:
Delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells of body tissue
- Heart ( muscular pump)
- Blood vessels ( fuel line and transportation network)
Blood pressure:
- Blood pressure: the force that exerts on arterial wall.
- Measured using a sphygmomanometer.
- expressed as a fraction:
Systolic pressure/ diastolic pressure
Ex: 120/80 mm Hg - Hypertension (high blood pressure): when BP>140/90 mm Hg
Aorta
The largest artery in the body.
Apex of the heart
The lower tip of the heart
Artery
The largest type of blood vessel; carries blood away from the heart to al parts of the body
Atrioventricular bundle (bundle of his)
Specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them.
Atrioventricular node (AV node)
Specialized tissue in the wall between atria;
electrical impulses pass from pacemaker through AV node and bundle of His toward ventricles.
Atrium
Pl.: atria
One of two upper chambers of the heart
Capillary
The smallest blood vessel
Carbon dioxide Co2
Waste gas released by body cells, transported via veins to the heart, and then to lungs for exhalation
Deoxygenated blood
Oxygen-poor blood
Diastole
Relaxation phase of the heartbeat
Electrocardiogram
Record of the electricity flowing through the heart
Endocardium
Inner lining of the heart
Endothelium
Innermost lining of blood vessels
Mitral valve
Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle; bicuspid valve
Myocardium
Muscular, middle layer of the heart
Normal sinus rhythm
Heart rhythm originating in sinoatrial node with resting rate of 60-100beats/min
Oxygen O2
Gas carried by the blood from the lungs to the heart to be pumped via arteries to all body cells
Pacemaker ( sinoatrial node-SA)
Specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat.
Patent
Open
Pericardium
Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart.
Pulmonary artery
Artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to lungs
Pulmonary valve
Valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
Pulse
The beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries
Septum
Pl.: septa
A partition or wall dividing a cavity, such as that between the right and left atria and right and left ventricles
Sinoatrial node
SA node
The pacemaker of the heart
Sphygmomanometer
An instrument to measure blood pressure
Systemic circulation
Flow of blood from body tissue to the heart and back
Systole
The contraction phase of the heartbeat
Thrombus
Blood clot (DVT if in lower extremity)
Tricuspid valve
Located between the right atrium and right ventricle; has three leaflets or cusps
Valve
A structure in veins or in the heart that temporarily closes an opening so blood flows in only on direction
Vein
A thin-walled vessels that carries blood from body tissues and lungs back to the heart;
Contains valves to prevent the backflow of blood-VEINS have VALVES
Vena cava
Pl.: venae cavae
The largest vein in the body;
Superior and inferior venae cavae return blood to the right atrium of heart
Ventricle
One of two lower chambers of the heart
Venule
A small vein
angi/o
Vessel
aort/o
Aorta
arter/o
Artery
arteri/o
Artery
ather/o
Yellowish plaque
atri/o
Atrium
brachi/o
Arm
Cardi/o
Heart
Cholesterol/o
Cholesterol
Coron/o
Heart
cyan/o
Blue
myx/o
Mucus
ox/o
Oxygen
pericardi/o
Pericardium
Phleb/o
Vein
sphygm/o
Pulse
steth/o
Chest
Thromb/o
Clot
Valvul/o
Valve
Valv/o
Valve
Vas/o
Vessel
vascul/o
Vessel
ven/o, ven/i
Vein
ventricul/o
Ventricle
Arrhythmia
- Heart block ( atrioventricular block)
- Flutter : rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria.
- Fibrillation : very rapid, random and irregular contractions of the heart
Chung loan nhip tim
Congenital heart disease
Coarctation of the aorta (CoA)
Hep dong mach chu
Congenital heart disease
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Con ong song mach
co ong thong noi tu cung DMC qua DM phoi
Congenital heart disease
Septal defects ( ASD and VSD)
Thong lien that
Co lo thong giua 2 tam that
Congenital heart disease
Tetralogy of Fallot
- narrowing of the pulmonary tract
- Thickening of wall of right ventricle
- Displacement of aorta- connected to both ventricles
- ventricular septal defect- hole between right and left ventricles
động mạch chủ cưỡi ngựa trên vách liên thất, thông liên thất, hẹp đường thoát thất phải và phì đại thất phải. Những tổn thương này làm cho lượng máu lên phổi để trao đổi ôxy giảm xuống và máu kém bão hòa ôxy đi vào tuần hoàn hệ thống gây nên tím.
Pulmonary circulation
Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
Disease of the arteries surrounding the heart.
Benh dong mach vanh
- Atherosclerosis-think fatty plaque
\+ thrombotic occlusion ( non-moving clot)
\+ Emboli ( moving)
\+ Ischemia : thieu mau cuc bo
\+ Necrosis : hoai tu
\+ Infarction : nhoi mau
- Acute coronary Syndrome (ACS)
\+ Unstable angina : dau that
\+ Myocardial infarction (MI) : nhoi mau co tim
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
Benh dong mach vanh
- Drug therapies for CAD
- Nitrates (nitroglycerin) : dan cac dong mach
- Vasodilations-> lower BP
Surgical therapies for CAD
- Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
Phau thuat bat cau ghep dong mach vanh
A procedure in which arteries and veins are anastomosed to coronary arteries to detour around blockages.
Surgical therapies for CAD
- Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)
đặt ống thông mạch
A procedure in which a balloon-tipped catheter is inserted into a coronary artery to open the artery and then a stent is put in place.
Aneurysm
Ballooning of a blood vessel
Phinh mach mau
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Huyet khoi tinh mach sau
Hypertension (HTN)
Cao huyet ap
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
Benh ly mach mau ngoai bien
Raynaud disease
Benh co that dong mach nho va cac mao mach dau ngon tay, ngon chan
A disease in which there are recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis, primarily in fingers and toes
Recurrent: tai phat
Pallor: xanh xao
Cyanosis: chung xanh tim
Varicose veins
Gian tinh mach
Abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs
Petechiae
Dom mau, dom xuat huyet tren da
Angiography and arteriography
Chup x-ray mach mau va dong mach
X-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contract material
Digital subtraction angiography (DSA)
Ky thuat chup mach mau xoa nen
chup trc va sau khi chich thuoc can quang
Electron beam computed tomography (EBCT or EBT)
Chup cat lop vi tinh chum tia dien tu
Ultrasound test
1. Doppler ultrasound
Sieu am mau doppler
Ultrasound test:
2. Echocardiography (ECHO)
Sieu am tim
Echocardiogram
Bieu do ve cau truc va chuc nang tim
Cardiac catheterization
Phau thuat thong tim
A procedure in which a thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery
Electrocardiography (ECG, EKG)
Quick and inexpensive
Ghi dien tim
Holster monitoring
24o- month long assessment
Stress test
Kiem tra muc cang thang
Cardioversion (defibrillator)
Su khu rung tim
Endarterectomy
Cat viem ao trong dong mach
Extracorporeal circulation
- Dialysis: su tham tach
- Relieves heart work load
Ho tro cho benh nhan suy ho hap
Heart transplantation
Ghep tim
Thrombolytic therapy
Dieu tri lam tan huyet khoi
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)
- better for high risk patients, less invasive.
Thay van dong mach chu qua duong ong thong
pulmon/o
Long
rrhythm/o
rhythm
-constriction
Narrowing
-dilation
Widening; stretching; expanding
-emia
Blood condition
-graphy
Process of recording
-lysis
Breakdown; separation; destruction; loosening
-megaly
Enlargement
-meter
Measure
-oma
Tumor; mass ; fluid collection
-stenosis
Tightening; structure
brady-
Slow
De-
Lack of ; down; less; removal of
tachy-
Fast
tetra-
Four
tri-
Three
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
Condition in which the heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood
