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Medical Terminology > Chap 11 Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chap 11 Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Arteries:

A

Are the vessels that lead away from the heart.

Artery:

  • Outer layer
  • Muscle layer
  • Elastic layer
  • Inner layer
  • Endothelium
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2
Q

Veins

A

Have thinner walls than arteries and move deoxygenated blood toward the heart from the tissues.

Vein:

  • Outer layer
  • Muscle layer
  • Inner layer
  • Valve : van tim
  • Endothelium : mang trong
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3
Q

Capillaries:

A

Are the smallest vessels. They form the point of exchange for oxygen and nutrients into body cells and waste products coming from body cells

Patent is a term that means “open”

Capillary:
- endothelium

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4
Q

Arterioles

A

Smaller branches of arteries

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5
Q

Venules

A

Small vein that carry waste-filled blood back to the heart.

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6
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Van ba la

( cusps are flaps of the valves):
between the right atrium and right ventricle

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7
Q

Pulmonary valve:

A

Between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery.

Van phoi

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8
Q

Mitral valve

A

Between the left atrium and left ventricle

  • 20% of females have defects here-etiology unknown
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9
Q

Aortic valve

A

Between the left atrium and aorta.

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10
Q

Two phases of the heartbeat:

A
  • Diastole: relaxation
  • Systole: contraction

+ The diastole-systole cardiac cycle occurs between 70 to 80 times per minute ( 100,000 times per day).

+ The heart pumps 3 oz of blood with each contraction. This means that about 5 quarts are pumped per minute (75 gallons/hour and about 2000 gallons/day)

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11
Q

Heart sound

A

Closure of valves associated with sounds “ lubb-dubb, lubb-dubb”

  • lubb: closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves at the beginning of systole
  • dubb: closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves at the end of systole
  • murmur: an abdominal heart sound caused by improper valve closure
    • > sounds like a swooshing noise
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12
Q

Cardiovascular system:

A

Delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells of body tissue

  • Heart ( muscular pump)
  • Blood vessels ( fuel line and transportation network)
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13
Q

Blood pressure:

A
  • Blood pressure: the force that exerts on arterial wall.
  • Measured using a sphygmomanometer.
  • expressed as a fraction:
    Systolic pressure/ diastolic pressure
    Ex: 120/80 mm Hg
  • Hypertension (high blood pressure): when BP>140/90 mm Hg
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14
Q

Aorta

A

The largest artery in the body.

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15
Q

Apex of the heart

A

The lower tip of the heart

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16
Q

Artery

A

The largest type of blood vessel; carries blood away from the heart to al parts of the body

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17
Q

Atrioventricular bundle (bundle of his)

A

Specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them.

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18
Q

Atrioventricular node (AV node)

A

Specialized tissue in the wall between atria;

electrical impulses pass from pacemaker through AV node and bundle of His toward ventricles.

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19
Q

Atrium

Pl.: atria

A

One of two upper chambers of the heart

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20
Q

Capillary

A

The smallest blood vessel

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21
Q

Carbon dioxide Co2

A

Waste gas released by body cells, transported via veins to the heart, and then to lungs for exhalation

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22
Q

Deoxygenated blood

A

Oxygen-poor blood

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23
Q

Diastole

A

Relaxation phase of the heartbeat

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24
Q

Electrocardiogram

A

Record of the electricity flowing through the heart

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25
Q

Endocardium

A

Inner lining of the heart

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26
Q

Endothelium

A

Innermost lining of blood vessels

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27
Q

Mitral valve

A

Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle; bicuspid valve

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28
Q

Myocardium

A

Muscular, middle layer of the heart

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29
Q

Normal sinus rhythm

A

Heart rhythm originating in sinoatrial node with resting rate of 60-100beats/min

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30
Q

Oxygen O2

A

Gas carried by the blood from the lungs to the heart to be pumped via arteries to all body cells

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31
Q

Pacemaker ( sinoatrial node-SA)

A

Specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat.

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32
Q

Patent

A

Open

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33
Q

Pericardium

A

Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart.

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34
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

Artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to lungs

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35
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

Valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

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36
Q

Pulmonary vein

A

Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

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37
Q

Pulse

A

The beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries

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38
Q

Septum

Pl.: septa

A

A partition or wall dividing a cavity, such as that between the right and left atria and right and left ventricles

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39
Q

Sinoatrial node

SA node

A

The pacemaker of the heart

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40
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

An instrument to measure blood pressure

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41
Q

Systemic circulation

A

Flow of blood from body tissue to the heart and back

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42
Q

Systole

A

The contraction phase of the heartbeat

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43
Q

Thrombus

A

Blood clot (DVT if in lower extremity)

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44
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Located between the right atrium and right ventricle; has three leaflets or cusps

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45
Q

Valve

A

A structure in veins or in the heart that temporarily closes an opening so blood flows in only on direction

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46
Q

Vein

A

A thin-walled vessels that carries blood from body tissues and lungs back to the heart;
Contains valves to prevent the backflow of blood-VEINS have VALVES

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47
Q

Vena cava

Pl.: venae cavae

A

The largest vein in the body;

Superior and inferior venae cavae return blood to the right atrium of heart

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48
Q

Ventricle

A

One of two lower chambers of the heart

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49
Q

Venule

A

A small vein

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50
Q

angi/o

A

Vessel

51
Q

aort/o

A

Aorta

52
Q

arter/o

A

Artery

53
Q

arteri/o

A

Artery

54
Q

ather/o

A

Yellowish plaque

55
Q

atri/o

A

Atrium

56
Q

brachi/o

A

Arm

57
Q

Cardi/o

A

Heart

58
Q

Cholesterol/o

A

Cholesterol

59
Q

Coron/o

A

Heart

60
Q

cyan/o

A

Blue

61
Q

myx/o

A

Mucus

62
Q

ox/o

A

Oxygen

63
Q

pericardi/o

A

Pericardium

64
Q

Phleb/o

A

Vein

65
Q

sphygm/o

A

Pulse

66
Q

steth/o

A

Chest

67
Q

Thromb/o

A

Clot

68
Q

Valvul/o

A

Valve

69
Q

Valv/o

A

Valve

70
Q

Vas/o

A

Vessel

71
Q

vascul/o

A

Vessel

72
Q

ven/o, ven/i

A

Vein

73
Q

ventricul/o

A

Ventricle

74
Q

Arrhythmia

A
  • Heart block ( atrioventricular block)
  • Flutter : rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria.
  • Fibrillation : very rapid, random and irregular contractions of the heart

Chung loan nhip tim

75
Q

Congenital heart disease

Coarctation of the aorta (CoA)

A

Hep dong mach chu

76
Q

Congenital heart disease

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

A

Con ong song mach

co ong thong noi tu cung DMC qua DM phoi

77
Q

Congenital heart disease

Septal defects ( ASD and VSD)

A

Thong lien that

Co lo thong giua 2 tam that

78
Q

Congenital heart disease

Tetralogy of Fallot

A
  • narrowing of the pulmonary tract
  • Thickening of wall of right ventricle
  • Displacement of aorta- connected to both ventricles
  • ventricular septal defect- hole between right and left ventricles

động mạch chủ cưỡi ngựa trên vách liên thất, thông liên thất, hẹp đường thoát thất phải và phì đại thất phải. Những tổn thương này làm cho lượng máu lên phổi để trao đổi ôxy giảm xuống và máu kém bão hòa ôxy đi vào tuần hoàn hệ thống gây nên tím.

79
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

80
Q

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

Disease of the arteries surrounding the heart.
Benh dong mach vanh

- Atherosclerosis-think fatty plaque 
      \+ thrombotic occlusion ( non-moving clot)
      \+ Emboli ( moving)
      \+ Ischemia : thieu mau cuc bo
      \+ Necrosis : hoai tu
      \+ Infarction : nhoi mau
- Acute coronary Syndrome (ACS)
      \+ Unstable angina : dau that
      \+ Myocardial infarction (MI) : nhoi mau co tim
81
Q

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

Benh dong mach vanh

  • Drug therapies for CAD
  • Nitrates (nitroglycerin) : dan cac dong mach
  • Vasodilations-> lower BP
82
Q

Surgical therapies for CAD

  1. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
A

Phau thuat bat cau ghep dong mach vanh

A procedure in which arteries and veins are anastomosed to coronary arteries to detour around blockages.

83
Q

Surgical therapies for CAD

  1. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)
A

đặt ống thông mạch

A procedure in which a balloon-tipped catheter is inserted into a coronary artery to open the artery and then a stent is put in place.

84
Q

Aneurysm

A

Ballooning of a blood vessel

Phinh mach mau

85
Q

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

A

Huyet khoi tinh mach sau

86
Q

Hypertension (HTN)

A

Cao huyet ap

87
Q

Peripheral vascular disease (PVD)

A

Benh ly mach mau ngoai bien

88
Q

Raynaud disease

A

Benh co that dong mach nho va cac mao mach dau ngon tay, ngon chan

A disease in which there are recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis, primarily in fingers and toes

Recurrent: tai phat
Pallor: xanh xao
Cyanosis: chung xanh tim

89
Q

Varicose veins

A

Gian tinh mach

Abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs

90
Q

Petechiae

A

Dom mau, dom xuat huyet tren da

91
Q

Angiography and arteriography

A

Chup x-ray mach mau va dong mach

X-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contract material

92
Q

Digital subtraction angiography (DSA)

A

Ky thuat chup mach mau xoa nen

chup trc va sau khi chich thuoc can quang

93
Q

Electron beam computed tomography (EBCT or EBT)

A

Chup cat lop vi tinh chum tia dien tu

94
Q

Ultrasound test

1. Doppler ultrasound

A

Sieu am mau doppler

95
Q

Ultrasound test:

2. Echocardiography (ECHO)

A

Sieu am tim

96
Q

Echocardiogram

A

Bieu do ve cau truc va chuc nang tim

97
Q

Cardiac catheterization

A

Phau thuat thong tim

A procedure in which a thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery

98
Q

Electrocardiography (ECG, EKG)

A

Quick and inexpensive

Ghi dien tim

99
Q

Holster monitoring

A

24o- month long assessment

100
Q

Stress test

A

Kiem tra muc cang thang

101
Q

Cardioversion (defibrillator)

A

Su khu rung tim

102
Q

Endarterectomy

A

Cat viem ao trong dong mach

103
Q

Extracorporeal circulation

A
  • Dialysis: su tham tach
  • Relieves heart work load

Ho tro cho benh nhan suy ho hap

104
Q

Heart transplantation

A

Ghep tim

105
Q

Thrombolytic therapy

A

Dieu tri lam tan huyet khoi

106
Q

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)

A
  • better for high risk patients, less invasive.

Thay van dong mach chu qua duong ong thong

107
Q

pulmon/o

A

Long

108
Q

rrhythm/o

A

rhythm

109
Q

-constriction

A

Narrowing

110
Q

-dilation

A

Widening; stretching; expanding

111
Q

-emia

A

Blood condition

112
Q

-graphy

A

Process of recording

113
Q

-lysis

A

Breakdown; separation; destruction; loosening

114
Q

-megaly

A

Enlargement

115
Q

-meter

A

Measure

116
Q

-oma

A

Tumor; mass ; fluid collection

117
Q

-stenosis

A

Tightening; structure

118
Q

brady-

A

Slow

119
Q

De-

A

Lack of ; down; less; removal of

120
Q

tachy-

A

Fast

121
Q

tetra-

A

Four

122
Q

tri-

A

Three

123
Q

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

Condition in which the heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood

Medical Terminology (27 decks)

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