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Medical Terminology > Chap 13 Blood > Flashcards

Chap 13 Blood Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Composition of blood

A
  • Cells - Plasma - Water - Proteins - Sugar - Salts - Hormones - Lipids - Vitamnins
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2
Q

* Cell tyepes and function:

A
  1. Erythrocytes: red blood cells transport nutrients and oxygen 2. Leukocytes: white blood cells 3. Thrombocytes: platelets; blood clot.
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3
Q

* Basophils:

A

Contain heparin (prevents clotting) and histamine ( involved in allergic responses)

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4
Q

* Eosinophils

A

Phagocytic cells involved in allergic responses and parasitic infections.

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5
Q

* Neutrophils:

A

Phagocytic cells that accumulate at sites of infection.

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6
Q

* Monocytes:

A

Phagocytic cells that become macrophages and digest bacteria and tissue debris.

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7
Q

* Lymphocytes:

A

Control the immune response; make antibodies to antigens.

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8
Q

Blood

A

Transports foods, gases, and wastes to and from the cells of the body Other transported items: - chemical messenger - blood proteins, white blood cells, and platelets

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9
Q

Plasma proteins:

A
  • Albumin : maintains the proper proportion and concentration of water in the blood. - Globulins: immunoglobulins ( IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE) + Globulins: another part of the blood containing plasma proteins: alpha, beta, and gamma globulins) + Immunoglobulins: antibodies that bind to and sometimes destroy antigens or foreign substances. - Fibrinogen - Prothrombin Fibrinogen and prothrombin are Clotting proteins.
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10
Q

Blood types

A

Type A: A antigen and anti-B antibody. Type B: B antigen and anti-A antibody. Type AB: A and B antigens and no antibodies ( Universal recipient) Type O: no A or B antigens and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies (Universal donor) Rh factor (positive and negative)

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11
Q

Blood clotting:

A

Coagulation: fibrin clot Anticoagulants: heparin, warfarin (coumadin) Coi hinh trong slide

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12
Q

Albumin

A

Protein in the blood; maintains the proper amount of water in blood

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13
Q

Antibody (ab)

A

A specific protein produced by the lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigens.

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14
Q

Antigen

A

A substance that stimulates production of an antibody.

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15
Q

* Basophil

A

White blood cell that contains granules that stain blue.

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16
Q

* Bilirubin

A

Orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed by breakdown of hemoglobin when RBCs are destroyed.

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17
Q

* Coagulation

A

Blood clotting

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18
Q

Colony-stimulating factor (CSF)

A

Protein that stimulates growth of white blood cells.

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19
Q

Differentiation

A

The change in structure and function of a cell as it matures; specialization.

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20
Q

Electrophoresis

A

A method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge

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21
Q

Eosinophil

A

White blood cell that contains granules that stain red

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22
Q

Erythroblast

A

An immature red blood cell

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23
Q

Erythrocyte

A

A red blood cell

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24
Q

Erythropoietin (EPO)

A

Hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell formation

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25
Q

Fibrin

A

Protein that forms the basis of a blood clot

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26
Q

Fibrinogen

A

Plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process.

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27
Q

Globulin

A

Plasma protein

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28
Q

Granulocyte

A

White blood cell with numerous dark-staining granules.

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29
Q

Hematopoietic stem cell

A

A cell in bone marrow that gives rise to all types of blood cells

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30
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen in red blood cells.

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31
Q

Hemolysis

A

Destruction or breakdown of blood ( red blood cells)

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32
Q

Heparin

A

An anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells

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33
Q

Immune reaction

A

Response of the immune system to foreign invasion

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34
Q

Immunoglobulin

A

A protein with antibody activity.

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35
Q

Leukocyte

A

A white blood cell

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36
Q

* Lymphocyte

A

Mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies.

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37
Q

* Macrophage

A
  • Monocyte that migrates from the blood to tissue spaces; - as a phagocyte, it engulfs foreign material and debris; - destroys worn out RBCs.
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38
Q

* Megakaryocyte

A

Large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow

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39
Q

Monocyte

A
  • Leukocyte with one large nucleus; - engulfs foreign material and debris; - becomes macrophage.
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40
Q

Mononuclear

A

Pertaining to cell (leukocyte) with single round nucleus.

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41
Q

Myeloblast

A

Immature bone marrow that gives rise to granulocytes.

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42
Q

Neutrophil

A

Granulocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow; Polymorphonuclear leukocyte

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43
Q

Plasma

A

Liquid portion of blood; Contains water, proteins, salts, nutrients, lipids, hormones, and vitamins.

44
Q

Plasmapheresis

A

Removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge.

45
Q

Platelet

A

A small blood fragment important in clotting.

46
Q

Polymorphonuclear

A

Pertaining to a white blood cell with multi-shaped nucleus; neutrophil.

47
Q

Prothrombin

A

Plasma protein; converted to thrombin in the clotting process.

48
Q

Reticulocyte

A

Immature erythrocyte.

49
Q

Rh factor

A

Antigen on red blood cells of Rh positive (RH+) individuals.

50
Q

Serum

A

Plasma minus clotting proteins and cells.

51
Q

Stem cell

A

Unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms.

52
Q

Thrombin

A

Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation

53
Q

Thrombocyte

A

Platelets

54
Q

bas/o

A

Base

55
Q

chrom/o

A

Color

56
Q

coagul/o

A

Clotting

57
Q

cyt/o

A

Cell

58
Q

eosin/o

A

Red, dawn, rosy

59
Q

Erythr/o

A

Red

60
Q

granul/o

A

Granules

61
Q

Hem/o

A

Blood

62
Q

Hemat/o

A

Blood

63
Q

hemoglobin/o

A

Hemoglobin

64
Q

is/o

A

Same, equal

65
Q

kary/o

A

Nucleus

66
Q

* leuk/o

A

White

67
Q

* mon/o

A

One, single

68
Q

morph/o

A

Shape, form

69
Q

myel/o

A

Bone marrow

70
Q

neutr/o

A

Neutral

71
Q

nucle/o

A

Nucleus

72
Q

phag/o

A

Eat, swallow

73
Q

poikil/o

A

Varied, irregular

74
Q

sider/o

A

Iron

75
Q

spher/o

A

Globe, round

76
Q

Thromb/o

A

Clot

77
Q
  • apheresis
A

Removal, a carrying away

78
Q

-blast

A

Immature cell, embryonic

79
Q

-cystosis

A

Abnormal condition of cells (increase in cells)

80
Q

-emia

A

Blood condition

81
Q

-gen

A

Giving rise to; producing

82
Q

-globin

A

Protein

83
Q

-globulin

A

Protein

84
Q

-lytic

A

Pertaining to destruction

85
Q

-oid

A

Derived or originating from

86
Q

-osis

A

Abnormal condition

87
Q

-penia

A

Deficiency

88
Q

-phage

A

Eat, swallow

89
Q

-philia

A

Attraction for (an increase in cell numbers)

90
Q

-phoresis

A

Carrying, transmission

91
Q

-poiesis

A

Formation

92
Q

-stasis

A

Stop, control

93
Q

* Anemia

A

A deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin. Other types of anemia: - Aplastic anemia - Hemolytic anemia - Pernicious anemia - Sickle cell anemia - Thalassemia

94
Q

* Aplastic anemia

A

Failure of blood cell production due to aplasia or absence of cell formation of bone marrow cells.

95
Q

* Hemolytic anemia

A

Reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction.

96
Q

* Pernicious anemia

A

Large, immature megaloblasts Lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamnin B12 into the bloodstream.

97
Q

** Sickle cell:

A

(Crescent-shaped, distorted, fragile cells) hereditary disorder of abnormal hemoglobin producing sickle shape erythrocytes and hemolysis Signs and symptoms: - Arthralgias - Acute attacks of abdominal pain - Ulcerations of the extremities. Crescent: hinh luoi liem Distorred: van veo, meo mo.

98
Q

* Thalassemia

A

(Hemoglobin concentration is low) An inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, leading to hypochromia.

99
Q

* Hemochromatosis

A

Excess iron deposits throughout the body.

100
Q

* Polycythemia vera

A

General increase in red blood cells.

101
Q

Disorders of blood clotting Hemophilia

A

Excessive bleeding caused by the lack of one of the protein substances necessary for blood clotting; Patients often bleed into weight bearing joint, especially the ankles and knees.

102
Q

Disorders of blood clotting Purpura:

A

Multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin.

103
Q

Diseases of white blood cells: Leukemia

A

An increase in cancerous white blood cells. - Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) - Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) - Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

104
Q

Acute Leukemia:

A
  • Acute myeloblastic - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
105
Q

Diseases of white blood cells: 1. Granulocytosis 2. Mononucleosis

A
  1. Granulocytosis: abnormal increase in Granulocytes in the blood. 2. Mononucleosis : an infectious disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes.
106
Q

Disease of bone marrow cells Multiple myeloma

A

Malignant neoplasm of bone marrow. Malignant cells destroy bone tissue and cause overproduction of immunoglobulins.

107
Q

Hereditary spherocytosis

A

Red cells are less biconcave and fragile Biconcave: 2 mat lom Fragile: mong, yeu, de vo

Medical Terminology (27 decks)

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