Chap 13 Blood Flashcards
Composition of blood
- Cells - Plasma - Water - Proteins - Sugar - Salts - Hormones - Lipids - Vitamnins
* Cell tyepes and function:
- Erythrocytes: red blood cells transport nutrients and oxygen 2. Leukocytes: white blood cells 3. Thrombocytes: platelets; blood clot.
* Basophils:
Contain heparin (prevents clotting) and histamine ( involved in allergic responses)
* Eosinophils
Phagocytic cells involved in allergic responses and parasitic infections.
* Neutrophils:
Phagocytic cells that accumulate at sites of infection.
* Monocytes:
Phagocytic cells that become macrophages and digest bacteria and tissue debris.
* Lymphocytes:
Control the immune response; make antibodies to antigens.
Blood
Transports foods, gases, and wastes to and from the cells of the body Other transported items: - chemical messenger - blood proteins, white blood cells, and platelets
Plasma proteins:
- Albumin : maintains the proper proportion and concentration of water in the blood. - Globulins: immunoglobulins ( IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE) + Globulins: another part of the blood containing plasma proteins: alpha, beta, and gamma globulins) + Immunoglobulins: antibodies that bind to and sometimes destroy antigens or foreign substances. - Fibrinogen - Prothrombin Fibrinogen and prothrombin are Clotting proteins.
Blood types
Type A: A antigen and anti-B antibody. Type B: B antigen and anti-A antibody. Type AB: A and B antigens and no antibodies ( Universal recipient) Type O: no A or B antigens and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies (Universal donor) Rh factor (positive and negative)
Blood clotting:
Coagulation: fibrin clot Anticoagulants: heparin, warfarin (coumadin) Coi hinh trong slide
Albumin
Protein in the blood; maintains the proper amount of water in blood
Antibody (ab)
A specific protein produced by the lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigens.
Antigen
A substance that stimulates production of an antibody.
* Basophil
White blood cell that contains granules that stain blue.
* Bilirubin
Orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed by breakdown of hemoglobin when RBCs are destroyed.
* Coagulation
Blood clotting
Colony-stimulating factor (CSF)
Protein that stimulates growth of white blood cells.
Differentiation
The change in structure and function of a cell as it matures; specialization.
Electrophoresis
A method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge
Eosinophil
White blood cell that contains granules that stain red
Erythroblast
An immature red blood cell
Erythrocyte
A red blood cell
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell formation
Fibrin
Protein that forms the basis of a blood clot
Fibrinogen
Plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process.
Globulin
Plasma protein
Granulocyte
White blood cell with numerous dark-staining granules.
Hematopoietic stem cell
A cell in bone marrow that gives rise to all types of blood cells
Hemoglobin
Blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen in red blood cells.
Hemolysis
Destruction or breakdown of blood ( red blood cells)
Heparin
An anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells
Immune reaction
Response of the immune system to foreign invasion
Immunoglobulin
A protein with antibody activity.
Leukocyte
A white blood cell
* Lymphocyte
Mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies.
* Macrophage
- Monocyte that migrates from the blood to tissue spaces; - as a phagocyte, it engulfs foreign material and debris; - destroys worn out RBCs.
* Megakaryocyte
Large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow
Monocyte
- Leukocyte with one large nucleus; - engulfs foreign material and debris; - becomes macrophage.
Mononuclear
Pertaining to cell (leukocyte) with single round nucleus.
Myeloblast
Immature bone marrow that gives rise to granulocytes.
Neutrophil
Granulocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow; Polymorphonuclear leukocyte
Plasma
Liquid portion of blood; Contains water, proteins, salts, nutrients, lipids, hormones, and vitamins.
Plasmapheresis
Removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge.
Platelet
A small blood fragment important in clotting.
Polymorphonuclear
Pertaining to a white blood cell with multi-shaped nucleus; neutrophil.
Prothrombin
Plasma protein; converted to thrombin in the clotting process.
Reticulocyte
Immature erythrocyte.
Rh factor
Antigen on red blood cells of Rh positive (RH+) individuals.
Serum
Plasma minus clotting proteins and cells.
Stem cell
Unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms.
Thrombin
Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation
Thrombocyte
Platelets
bas/o
Base
chrom/o
Color
coagul/o
Clotting
cyt/o
Cell
eosin/o
Red, dawn, rosy
Erythr/o
Red
granul/o
Granules
Hem/o
Blood
Hemat/o
Blood
hemoglobin/o
Hemoglobin
is/o
Same, equal
kary/o
Nucleus
* leuk/o
White
* mon/o
One, single
morph/o
Shape, form
myel/o
Bone marrow
neutr/o
Neutral
nucle/o
Nucleus
phag/o
Eat, swallow
poikil/o
Varied, irregular
sider/o
Iron
spher/o
Globe, round
Thromb/o
Clot
- apheresis
Removal, a carrying away
-blast
Immature cell, embryonic
-cystosis
Abnormal condition of cells (increase in cells)
-emia
Blood condition
-gen
Giving rise to; producing
-globin
Protein
-globulin
Protein
-lytic
Pertaining to destruction
-oid
Derived or originating from
-osis
Abnormal condition
-penia
Deficiency
-phage
Eat, swallow
-philia
Attraction for (an increase in cell numbers)
-phoresis
Carrying, transmission
-poiesis
Formation
-stasis
Stop, control
* Anemia
A deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin. Other types of anemia: - Aplastic anemia - Hemolytic anemia - Pernicious anemia - Sickle cell anemia - Thalassemia
* Aplastic anemia
Failure of blood cell production due to aplasia or absence of cell formation of bone marrow cells.
* Hemolytic anemia
Reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction.
* Pernicious anemia
Large, immature megaloblasts Lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamnin B12 into the bloodstream.
** Sickle cell:
(Crescent-shaped, distorted, fragile cells) hereditary disorder of abnormal hemoglobin producing sickle shape erythrocytes and hemolysis Signs and symptoms: - Arthralgias - Acute attacks of abdominal pain - Ulcerations of the extremities. Crescent: hinh luoi liem Distorred: van veo, meo mo.
* Thalassemia
(Hemoglobin concentration is low) An inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, leading to hypochromia.
* Hemochromatosis
Excess iron deposits throughout the body.
* Polycythemia vera
General increase in red blood cells.
Disorders of blood clotting Hemophilia
Excessive bleeding caused by the lack of one of the protein substances necessary for blood clotting; Patients often bleed into weight bearing joint, especially the ankles and knees.
Disorders of blood clotting Purpura:
Multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin.
Diseases of white blood cells: Leukemia
An increase in cancerous white blood cells. - Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) - Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) - Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
Acute Leukemia:
- Acute myeloblastic - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Diseases of white blood cells: 1. Granulocytosis 2. Mononucleosis
- Granulocytosis: abnormal increase in Granulocytes in the blood. 2. Mononucleosis : an infectious disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes.
Disease of bone marrow cells Multiple myeloma
Malignant neoplasm of bone marrow. Malignant cells destroy bone tissue and cause overproduction of immunoglobulins.
Hereditary spherocytosis
Red cells are less biconcave and fragile Biconcave: 2 mat lom Fragile: mong, yeu, de vo
