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Medical Terminology > Chapter 20: Radio > Flashcards

Chapter 20: Radio Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Radiology:

X-rays:

Nuclear medicine:

A
  • Radiology: medical specialty concerned with the study of x-rays and other technologies (such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance) to produce and interpret images of the human body for diagnosis of disease
  • X-rays: invisible waves of energy
  • Nuclear medicine: use of radioactive substances in the diagnosis of disease
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2
Q
  • Personnel in This Medical Field
  • Radiologist:
  • Nuclear physician:
  • Radiologic technologists
A
  • Radiologist: MD-Reads x-rays and determines radiation therapy dosing
  • Nuclear physician: MD-Reads and orders Scans
  • Radiologic technologists
    + Radiographers, nuclear medicine technologists, sonographers
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3
Q

Characteristics of X-rays :

A

Expose photographic plates

Penetrate substances :

Invisible

Travel in straight lines

Scatter : su phan tan, su rai ra

Ionization

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4
Q

Diagnostic Techniques

A

X-Ray studies
- Digital radiography
- Computed tomography (CT)
- Contrast studies
+ Barium sulfate: upper GI, lower GI
+ Iodine compounds: angiography, arthrography, cholangiography, digital subtraction angiography (DSA), hysterosalpingography, myelography, pyelography

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5
Q

Diagnostic Techniques (cont’d)

A
  • Fluoroscopy
  • Digital imaging techniques
  • Interventional radiology
  • Ultrasound
  • Magnetic imaging or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI or MR)
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6
Q
  • X-ray Positioning

Posteroanterior (PA) view

A

posterior source to anterior detector

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7
Q
  • X-ray Positioning

Anteroposterior (AP) view:

A

anterior source to posterior detector

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8
Q

X-ray Positioning (cont’d)

Lateral view:

A

in left lateral view, source at right of patient, to detector at left of patient

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9
Q

X-ray Positioning (cont’d)

Oblique view:

A

source slanting direction at angle from perpendicular plane

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10
Q
  • X-ray Positioning (cont’d)

To describe the position of patient:

Abduction              
Adduction              
Eversion
Extension
Flexion
A

Abduction—movement away from the midline

Adduction—movement toward the midline

Eversion—turning outward

Extension—lengthening or straightening a flexed limb

Flexion—bending a part of the body

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11
Q
  • X-ray Positioning (cont’d)

To describe the position of patient:

Lateral decubitus
Prone
Recumbent
Supine

A

Lateral decubitus—lying down on the side

Prone—lying on the belly (face down)

Recumbent—lying down (prone or supine)

Supine—lying on the back (face up)

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12
Q
  • Obstructing the passage of x-rays:

radiopaque
radiolucent
radioisotope
radiopharmaceutical

A

a. radiopaque

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13
Q
  • Nuclear Medicine
A
  • Radionuclides/radioisotopes
    + Alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays
  • Nuclear medicine tests
    + In vitro: test tube
    + In vivo: in the body
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14
Q
  • In Vitro Procedures
A

Analysis of blood and urine

Radioimmunoassay (RIA) uses radioactive chemicals and antibodies to detect hormones and drugs in the patient’s blood (for example, digitalis detection, hypothyroidism in newborns).
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15
Q
  • In Vivo Procedures
A

Radioactive substance given directly to patient to evaluate organ function or image

  • Radiopharmaceutical (labeled compound) concentrates in organ
  • Scintiscanner (gamma camera) detection instrument produces picture (scintiscan)
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16
Q
  • Procedures Using Radionuclides
A
  • Bone scan
  • Lymphoscintigraphy
  • Positron emission tomography (PET) scan
  • PET/CT scan
  • Single-photon emission 3D computed tomography (SPECT)
  • Technetium Tc-99m sestamibi (Cardiolite) scan
  • Thallium 201 (Tl) scan
  • Thyroid scan
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17
Q
  • Focus on PET Scan
A
  • Radioisotopes (emission of positrons) instead of contrast x-rays
  • Intravenous injection.
  • Concentrates radioisotopes in tissues where the radionuclide is or is not being metabolized
  • Useful in treating stroke, epilepsy, Alzheimer disease, brain tumors, abdominal and pulmonary malignancies
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18
Q

Focus on SPECT

A
  • Intravenous injection of radioactive tracer
  • Computer reconstruction of 3-D image based on many views
  • Detects liver tumors, cardiac ischemia, diseases of bone and spine
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19
Q
  • DICOM
A

DICOM — Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine: is the international standard for medical images and related information (ISO 12052).

It defines the formats and protocols for medical images that can be exchanged with the data and quality necessary for clinical use.

20
Q
  • radiopaque
A

Obstructing the passage of x-rays

21
Q
  • radiopharmaceutical
A

Radioactive drug used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes

22
Q
  • scan
A

Image of an area, organ or tissue of the body obtained from ultrasound, radioactive tracer studies, CT, or MRI

23
Q
  • scintigraphy
A

Diagnostic nuclear medicine test using radiopharmaceuticals and gamma cameras to create images

24
Q

Which of the following is a handheld device that sends and receives ultrasound signals?

Gamma camera
Roentgenology
Radioisotope
Transducer

A

d.Transducer

25
Q

fluor/o

A

luminous

26
Q

is/o

A

same

27
Q

pharmaceut/o

A

drug

28
Q

radi/o

A

x-rays

29
Q

roentgen/o

A

x-rays

30
Q

son/o

A

sound

31
Q

therapeut/o

A

treatment

32
Q

vitr/o

A

glass

33
Q

viv/o

A

life

34
Q

-gram

A

record

35
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording

36
Q

-lucent

A

to shine

37
Q

-opaque

A

obscure

38
Q

cine-

A

movement

39
Q

echo-

A

a repeated sound

40
Q

ultra-

A

beyond

41
Q

Which term refers to movement away from the midline of the body?

Adduction
Abduction
PA
Inversion

A

b.Abduction

42
Q

Which term refers to a patient lying on the back?

Prone
Supine
Flexion
Lateral decubitus

A

b.Supine

43
Q 
Angio
* AP
Ba
* BE
C-spine
CT
* CXR
Decub
* DICOM
DI
A

Angio: Angiography

AP: Anteroposterior

Ba: Barium

BE: Barium enema

C-spine: Cervical spine films

CT: Computed tomography

CXR: Chest x-ray (film)

Decub: Decubitus – lying down

DICOM: Digital image communication in medicine

DI: Diagnostic imaging

44
Q 
DSA
* ECHO
EUS
18F-FDG
Gd
123I
131I
* IVP
* KUB
* LAT
A

DSA: Digital subtraction angiography

ECHO: Echocardiography

EUS: Endoscopic ultrasonography

18F-FDG: Fluorodeoxyglucose

Gd: Gadolinium

123I: Isotope of radioactive iodine

131I: Isotope of radioactive iodine

IVP: Intravenous pyelogram

KUB: Kidneys, ureters, bladder (series)

LAT: Lateral

45
Q 
LS films
L-spine
MDCT
MR, MRI
MRA
MRV
MUGA
PA
PACS
PET
PET/CT
RAIU
A 
LS films: Lumbosacral (spine) films
L-spine: Lumbar spine
MDCT: Multidetector CT scanner
MR, MRI: Magnetic resonance, magnetic resonance imaging
MRA: Magnetic resonance angiography
MRV: Magnetic resonance venography
MUGA: Multiple-gated acquisitions (scan)
PA: Posteroanterior
PACS: Picture archival and communications system
PET: Positron emission tomography
PET/CT: Positron emission tomography/computed tomography
RAIU: Radioactive iodine uptake (test)
46
Q 
RFA
* SBFT
SPECT
99TC
201Tl
* T-spine
UGI
US, U/S
* V/Q scan
A

RFA: Radiofrequency ablation

SBFT: Small bowel follow-through

SPECT: Singe photon emission computed tomography

99TC: Radioactive technetium

201Tl: Thallium-201

T-spine: Thoracic spine

UGI: Upper gastrointestinal (series)

US, U/S: Ultrasound; ultrasonography

V/Q scan: Ventilation-perfusion scan of the lungs

Medical Terminology (27 decks)

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