Exam 2 Slide show Nervous Tissue (pt2)

Question 1

Which neuroglial cell regulates the composition of the extracellular fluid in the CNS and helps form the blood-brain barrier?

Answer 1

Astrocytes (CNS)

Question 2

Which neuroglial cell myelinates axons in the CNS

Answer 2

Oligodendrocytes (CNS)

Question 3

Which neuroglial cell is responsible for phagocytes of the CNS?

Answer 3

Microglia (CNS)

Question 4

Which CNS neuroglial cell lines the ventricles of the brain; produce, monitor, and aid in circulation of CSF?

Answer 4

Ependymal (CNS)

Question 5

Which neuroglial cell myelinates axons in the PNS?

Answer 5

Schwann cells (PNS)

Question 6

Which neuroglial cells are flat and surround the cell bodies of the neurons of PNS ganglia?

Answer 6

Satellite cells (PNS)

Question 7

What stage of the cell cycle are neurons in?

Answer 7

G0 (G-zero)

Question 8

Do neurons undergo mitosis?

Answer 8

NO!!!

Question 9

Do neuroglial cells undergo mitosis?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

What produces myelin?

Answer 10

Schwann cells (PNS) and oligodendrocytes (CNS)

Question 11

Describe the makeup and composition of myelin

Answer 11

a multi-layered complex of lipids and proteins (layers of plasma membranes)

Question 12

Can a Schwann cell be associated with a neuron, yet not cause myelination?

Answer 12

Yes (Myelination requires the glial cell to have wrapped its plasma membrane around the axon many times.)

Question 13

Is the term “neurolemma” synonymous with the term “axolemma”?

Answer 13

NO!

Question 14

What causes a node of Ranvier? And are nodes of Ranvier found in both the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system?

Answer 14

Gaps between myelinating cells.

Yes, found in both CNS and PNS

Question 15

What is the spatial relationship between Schwann cells and endoneurium?

Answer 15

The endoneurium overlies the Schwann cells

Question 16

What comprises white matter of the central nervous system?

Answer 16

myelinated tract fibers (makes it white in color too)

Question 17

What comprises gray matter of the central nervous system?

Answer 17

neuronal cell bodies and Nissl bodies (Nissl bodies make the gray color) (no myelin either)

Question 18

Which cells are highly adapted for using membrane potentials?

Answer 18

Nerve cells

Question 19

What are the two types of potentials used by neurons?

Answer 19

Action and Graded potentials

Question 20

Which potential is “all or none”

Answer 20

Action potentials

Question 21

Which potential is for both short and long distance communication within the body?

Answer 21

Action potential

Question 22

Which potential is for for short-distance communication only.

Answer 22

Graded potential

Question 23

What is the measure of electric potential?

Answer 23

Voltage

Question 24

What is the measure of electrical current?

Answer 24

Ampere

Question 25

In membrane potential, where is the reference electrode placed when measuring voltages of living organisms?

Answer 25

The reference electrode is in the extracellular fluid.

Question 26

In membrane potential, where is the recording electrode placed when measuring voltages of living organisms?

Answer 26

The tip of the recording microelectrode is placed inside the neuron.

Question 27

Compare an electrical current with a physiological current in a living organism.

Answer 27

In the body, “current” means flow of ions (sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), etc.)