Exam 1 Slide Show (Introduction) Pt 2 Flashcards
Define superior
Toward the head, or the upper part of a structure
AKA cephalic or cranial
Define Inferior
Away from the head, or the lower part of a structure
AKA caudal
Define Anterior
Nearer to or at the front of the body
AKA ventral
Define Posterior
Nearer to or at the back of the body
AKA dorsal
Define Medial
Nearer to the midline
Define Lateral
Farther from the midline
Define Intermediate
Between two structures
Define Ipsilateral
On the same side of the body as another structure
Define Contralateral
On the opposite side of the body from another structure
Define Proximal
Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk; nearer to the origination of a structure
Define Distal
Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk; farther from the origination of a structure
Define Superficial
Toward or on the surface of the body
Deep
Away from the surface of the body
Contrast blood plasma with serum
Blood plasma has the clotting proteins intact, but serum lacks the clotting proteins
Humans are regarded as ____ where our internal temperature stays fairly constant
Homeotherms
Connective tissue is considered____ as its found all over the body
Systemic
What are imaginary flat surfaces that pass through the body?
Planes
What is the dorsal body cavity comprised of?
The cranial cavity and the vertebral cavity
What is the ventral body cavity comprised of?
The thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity
What are organs inside the ventral body cavity termed as?
Viscera
What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?
The diaphragm
The thoracic cavity is subdivided into _____ and _____
lateral plural cavities and the mediastinum
What does the mediastinum contain?
The pericardial cavity (enclosing the heart), esophagus, trachea, etc…
The abdominopelvic cavity extends from the _____
Diaphragm to the groin
How is the abdominopelvic cavity divided?
Divided into two portions, although no structure separates them.
What are the two regions of the abdominopelvic cavity?
The abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity
In the thoracic and abdominal cavities, What does the serous membrane cover?
The viscera within the thoracic and abdominal cavities, and also lines the walls of the thorax and abdomen
What is serous membrane?
a membrane that lines a body cavity that does not open to the exterior.
What is a mucous membrane?
a membrane that lines a body cavity that does open to the exterior.
What is a good analogy for serous membrane?
Analogy of limp balloon inside a box, with fist thrust into the balloon
What are the parts of the serous membrane?
The visceral layer, next to the viscera (viscera being equivalent to the fist in the analogy)
The parietal layer, lining the wall of the cavity (wall of the cavity being equivalent to the inside of the box in the analogy)
The cavity, between the two membranes (the inside of the balloon in the analogy)
What reduces friction between the visceral and parietal layer, during movement?
The serous fluid between them
What are the three specific names for membranes?
Pleura, Pericardium, and Peritoneum
What is pleura?
The serous membrane of pleural cavities
What makes up pleura?
Visceral pleura on surface of lungs
Parietal pleura lines chest wall
Pleural cavity between the two
What is pericardium?
serous membrane of pericardial cavity
What makes up pericardium?
Visceral pericardium covers surface of heart
Parietal pericardium lines chest wall
Pericardial cavity between the two
What is Peritoneum?
serous membrane of abdominal cavity
What makes up peritoneum?
Visceral peritoneum covers the abdominal viscera
Parietal peritoneum lines abdominal wall
Peritoneal cavity between the two, technically has no organs within it
Are lungs in the pleura cavity?
no, just the surface of the lungs
Is the heart in the pericardium cavity?
no, just covers the surface
What usually causes the inflammation of the serous membranes?
insufficient production of lubricating fluid, which results in organs sticking together when the body moves, instead of sliding freely.
What are two examples of inflammation of serous membranes?
Pleurisy and peritonitis
What is pleurisy?
Inflammation of the pleurae
What is peritonitis?
Inflammation of the peritonea
What classifies an organ as retroperitoneal?
Being located behind the parietal peritoneum, between it and the posterior abdominal wall.
Which retroperitoneal organs are part of the urinary system?
Kidneys, Adrenal glands, and Ureter
Which retroperitoneal organs are part of the circulatory system?
Aorta and inferior vena cava
Which retroperitoneal organs are part of the digestive system?
- Esophagus,
- Pancreas (head neck and body, but not the tail),
- Duodenum of the small intestine (but not the first segment)
- Ascending and descending colons of the large intestine (but not the transverse colon, sigmoid, or the cecum)
- Rectum
What is meant by “within” the peritoneal
Meaning behind the peritoneal
