Exam 1 Slide Show (Introduction) Pt 2

Question 1

Define superior

Answer 1

Toward the head, or the upper part of a structure

AKA cephalic or cranial

Question 2

Define Inferior

Answer 2

Away from the head, or the lower part of a structure

AKA caudal

Question 3

Define Anterior

Answer 3

Nearer to or at the front of the body

AKA ventral

Question 4

Define Posterior

Answer 4

Nearer to or at the back of the body

AKA dorsal

Question 5

Define Medial

Answer 5

Nearer to the midline

Question 6

Define Lateral

Answer 6

Farther from the midline

Question 7

Define Intermediate

Answer 7

Between two structures

Question 8

Define Ipsilateral

Answer 8

On the same side of the body as another structure

Question 9

Define Contralateral

Answer 9

On the opposite side of the body from another structure

Question 10

Define Proximal

Answer 10

Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk; nearer to the origination of a structure

Question 11

Define Distal

Answer 11

Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk; farther from the origination of a structure

Question 12

Define Superficial

Answer 12

Toward or on the surface of the body

Question 13

Deep

Answer 13

Away from the surface of the body

Question 14

Contrast blood plasma with serum

Answer 14

Blood plasma has the clotting proteins intact, but serum lacks the clotting proteins

Question 15

Humans are regarded as ____ where our internal temperature stays fairly constant

Answer 15

Homeotherms

Question 16

Connective tissue is considered____ as its found all over the body

Answer 16

Systemic

Question 17

What are imaginary flat surfaces that pass through the body?

Answer 17

Planes

Question 18

What is the dorsal body cavity comprised of?

Answer 18

The cranial cavity and the vertebral cavity

Question 19

What is the ventral body cavity comprised of?

Answer 19

The thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity

Question 20

What are organs inside the ventral body cavity termed as?

Answer 20

Viscera

Question 21

What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?

Answer 21

The diaphragm

Question 22

The thoracic cavity is subdivided into _____ and _____

Answer 22

lateral plural cavities and the mediastinum

Question 23

What does the mediastinum contain?

Answer 23

The pericardial cavity (enclosing the heart), esophagus, trachea, etc…

Question 24

The abdominopelvic cavity extends from the _____

Answer 24

Diaphragm to the groin

Question 25

How is the abdominopelvic cavity divided?

Answer 25

Divided into two portions, although no structure separates them.

Question 26

What are the two regions of the abdominopelvic cavity?

Answer 26

The abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

Question 27

In the thoracic and abdominal cavities, What does the serous membrane cover?

Answer 27

The viscera within the thoracic and abdominal cavities, and also lines the walls of the thorax and abdomen

Question 28

What is serous membrane?

Answer 28

a membrane that lines a body cavity that does not open to the exterior.

Question 29

What is a mucous membrane?

Answer 29

a membrane that lines a body cavity that does open to the exterior.

Question 30

What is a good analogy for serous membrane?

Answer 30

Analogy of limp balloon inside a box, with fist thrust into the balloon

Question 31

What are the parts of the serous membrane?

Answer 31

The visceral layer, next to the viscera (viscera being equivalent to the fist in the analogy) The parietal layer, lining the wall of the cavity (wall of the cavity being equivalent to the inside of the box in the analogy) The cavity, between the two membranes (the inside of the balloon in the analogy)

Question 32

What reduces friction between the visceral and parietal layer, during movement?

Answer 32

The serous fluid between them

Question 33

What are the three specific names for membranes?

Answer 33

Pleura, Pericardium, and Peritoneum

Question 34

What is pleura?

Answer 34

The serous membrane of pleural cavities

Question 35

What makes up pleura?

Answer 35

Visceral pleura on surface of lungs Parietal pleura lines chest wall Pleural cavity between the two

Question 36

What is pericardium?

Answer 36

serous membrane of pericardial cavity

Question 37

What makes up pericardium?

Answer 37

Visceral pericardium covers surface of heart Parietal pericardium lines chest wall Pericardial cavity between the two

Question 38

What is Peritoneum?

Answer 38

serous membrane of abdominal cavity

Question 39

What makes up peritoneum?

Answer 39

Visceral peritoneum covers the abdominal viscera Parietal peritoneum lines abdominal wall Peritoneal cavity between the two, technically has no organs within it

Question 40

Are lungs in the pleura cavity?

Answer 40

no, just the surface of the lungs

Question 41

Is the heart in the pericardium cavity?

Answer 41

no, just covers the surface

Question 42

What usually causes the inflammation of the serous membranes?

Answer 42

insufficient production of lubricating fluid, which results in organs sticking together when the body moves, instead of sliding freely.

Question 43

What are two examples of inflammation of serous membranes?

Answer 43

Pleurisy and peritonitis

Question 44

What is pleurisy?

Answer 44

Inflammation of the pleurae

Question 45

What is peritonitis?

Answer 45

Inflammation of the peritonea

Question 46

What classifies an organ as retroperitoneal?

Answer 46

Being located behind the parietal peritoneum, between it and the posterior abdominal wall.

Question 47

Which retroperitoneal organs are part of the urinary system?

Answer 47

Kidneys, Adrenal glands, and Ureter

Question 48

Which retroperitoneal organs are part of the circulatory system?

Answer 48

Aorta and inferior vena cava

Question 49

Which retroperitoneal organs are part of the digestive system?

Answer 49

1. Esophagus, 2. Pancreas (head neck and body, but not the tail), 3. Duodenum of the small intestine (but not the first segment) 4. Ascending and descending colons of the large intestine (but not the transverse colon, sigmoid, or the cecum) 5. Rectum

Question 50

What is meant by "within" the peritoneal

Answer 50

Meaning behind the peritoneal