Exam 2 Slide show Muscle Tissue (Pt5)

Question 1

In regards to the three processes, of ATP production, Rank them in order of how long they last.

Answer 1

Creatine Phosphate - 15 - 20 seconds

Glycolysis - 30 - 40 seconds

Aerobic cellular respiration - INDEFINITELY

Question 2

What are the usual sources of creatine in the body?

Answer 2

• Synthesis in liver, kidneys, pancreas

- From foods: milk, red meat, and some fish

Question 3

Adults need how many grams of creatine a day?

Answer 3

2 grams

Question 4

A brief contraction of all the muscle fibers in a motor unit is known as what?

Answer 4

a twitch, or twitch contraction

Question 5

What is a device used to measure the force generated by a contracting muscle?

Answer 5

Myograph

Question 6

A myograph, is an example of what?

Answer 6

A transducer (converts one form of energy into another)

Question 7

What is a record of a muscle contraction?

Answer 7

Myogram

Question 8

What is the period of time after the first stimulus when response to a second stimulus is not possible?

Answer 8

The refractory period

Question 9

What are other examples of transducers?

Answer 9

Mitochondria and myofibrils

Question 10

What ion is released in additional amounts, thereby enabling wave summation?

Answer 10

Ca++, from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 11

What is the process whereby the number of active motor units is increased according to need?

Answer 11

Motor unit recruitment

Question 12

In what sequence are motor units recruited?

Answer 12

The smallest, weakest motor units are recruited first

Question 13

In the skeletal muscle, rank the muscle fibers by their diameters

Answer 13

Slow oxidative (red) - Smallest

Fast oxidative-glycolytic - Intermediate

Fast glycolytic (white) - Largest

Question 14

In the skeletal muscle, rank the muscle fibers by their Order of recuritment

Answer 14

Slow oxidative (red) - First

Fast oxidative-glycolytic - Second

Fast glycolytic (white) - Third

Question 15

Compare the duration of contraction of cardiac muscle with the duration of contraction of skeletal muscle.

Answer 15

Cardiac muscle contracts longer due to prolonged delivery of Ca++

Question 16

Compare the number and size of mitochondria in cardiac muscle to the number and size of mitochondria in skeletal tissue.

Answer 16

Mitochondria is larger and more numerous than skeletal muscle

(in accordance with a greater dependency on aerobic respiration to generate ATP)

Question 17

Does smooth tissue have thick and thin filaments?

Answer 17

Yes; But the filaments are not arranged in orderly sarcomeres, so there are no striations

Question 18

Which muscle tissue lacks T-tubules?

Answer 18

Smooth muscle

Question 19

Compare the amount of sarcoplasmic reticulum in smooth muscle with the amount of sarcoplasmic reticulum in striated muscle.

Answer 19

Smooth muscle tissue Has a sparse sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 20

What structure in smooth muscle is functionally similar to Z discs of striated muscle?

Answer 20

Intermediate filaments

Question 21

What are the two types of smooth muscle tissue?

Answer 21

• Visceral (single-unit)

- Multiunit

Question 22

What causes feelings of tiredness and desire to cease activity?

Answer 22

Central fatigue

Question 23

What components of a motor unit may be affected by a disorder that is termed a “neuromuscular disease”?

Answer 23

• Somatic motor neuron
• Neuromuscular junctions
• Muscle fibers

Question 24

What is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic, progressive damage of the neuromuscular junction by producing antibodies that bind to and block acetylcholine receptors

Answer 24

Myasthenia gravis