Exam 2 Slide show Muscle Tissue (Pt5) Flashcards
In regards to the three processes, of ATP production, Rank them in order of how long they last.
Creatine Phosphate - 15 - 20 seconds
Glycolysis - 30 - 40 seconds
Aerobic cellular respiration - INDEFINITELY
What are the usual sources of creatine in the body?
- Synthesis in liver, kidneys, pancreas
- From foods: milk, red meat, and some fish
Adults need how many grams of creatine a day?
2 grams
A brief contraction of all the muscle fibers in a motor unit is known as what?
a twitch, or twitch contraction
What is a device used to measure the force generated by a contracting muscle?
Myograph
A myograph, is an example of what?
A transducer (converts one form of energy into another)
What is a record of a muscle contraction?
Myogram
What is the period of time after the first stimulus when response to a second stimulus is not possible?
The refractory period
What are other examples of transducers?
Mitochondria and myofibrils
What ion is released in additional amounts, thereby enabling wave summation?
Ca++, from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
What is the process whereby the number of active motor units is increased according to need?
Motor unit recruitment
In what sequence are motor units recruited?
The smallest, weakest motor units are recruited first
In the skeletal muscle, rank the muscle fibers by their diameters
Slow oxidative (red) - Smallest
Fast oxidative-glycolytic - Intermediate
Fast glycolytic (white) - Largest
In the skeletal muscle, rank the muscle fibers by their Order of recuritment
Slow oxidative (red) - First
Fast oxidative-glycolytic - Second
Fast glycolytic (white) - Third
Compare the duration of contraction of cardiac muscle with the duration of contraction of skeletal muscle.
Cardiac muscle contracts longer due to prolonged delivery of Ca++
Compare the number and size of mitochondria in cardiac muscle to the number and size of mitochondria in skeletal tissue.
Mitochondria is larger and more numerous than skeletal muscle
(in accordance with a greater dependency on aerobic respiration to generate ATP)
Does smooth tissue have thick and thin filaments?
Yes; But the filaments are not arranged in orderly sarcomeres, so there are no striations
Which muscle tissue lacks T-tubules?
Smooth muscle
Compare the amount of sarcoplasmic reticulum in smooth muscle with the amount of sarcoplasmic reticulum in striated muscle.
Smooth muscle tissue Has a sparse sarcoplasmic reticulum
What structure in smooth muscle is functionally similar to Z discs of striated muscle?
Intermediate filaments
What are the two types of smooth muscle tissue?
- Visceral (single-unit)
- Multiunit
What causes feelings of tiredness and desire to cease activity?
Central fatigue
What components of a motor unit may be affected by a disorder that is termed a “neuromuscular disease”?
- Somatic motor neuron
- Neuromuscular junctions
- Muscle fibers
What is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic, progressive damage of the neuromuscular junction by producing antibodies that bind to and block acetylcholine receptors
Myasthenia gravis
