Exam 1 Hit List Flashcards
Where is the enzyme that produces ATP found?
Mitochondria
Since energy is required, vesicular transport is considered a form of _______ transport
Active
What are the three types of vesicular transports?
Endocytosis, Exocytosis, and Transcytosis
In the vesicular transport, endocytosis, what are it’s three types?
- Receptor-mediated endocytosis
- Phagocytosis
- Pinocytosis
Epithelium of the respiratory tract is ____
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
What is the following amount for epithelium tissue:
- Cells
- Ground substance
- Fibers
- Arteries
- Lots
- Few
- Few
- None
What is the following amount for connective tissue:
- Cells
- Ground substance
- Fibers
- Arteries
- Few
- Lots
- Lots
- Lots
What is the function of microvilli?
Increase plasma membrane surface
What gives a cell its “fuzzy” appearance and is known as the Brush border?
Microvilli
When moving material through the plasma membrane, what are the passive processes (no energy expenditure required) possible?
- Diffusion:
- Simple diffusion
- Osmosis
- Facilitated diffusion
- Filtration
When moving material through the plasma membrane, what are the active processes (energy expenditure required) possible?
- Active Transport:
- Primary active transport
- Secondary active transport
- Bulk transport (vesicular transport):
- Exocytosis
- Endocytosis
- Pinocytosis
- Transcytosis
What syndrome is due to missing the short arm of chromosome 5 (5p-)
Cri du chat syndrome (cry of the cat)
Trisomy is considered an aneuploid condition? T/F
True
Monosomy is considered an aneuploid condition? T/F
True
Protein synthesis, comprises of what two steps?
Transcription and Translation
Where does transcription occur?
In the nucleus (NOT Nucleolus)
Where does translation occur?
In the cytoplasm
Of both the ER’s, _____ is more linear, while _____ is more tubular
Rough; Smooth
In the cell, where are amino acids assembled into proteins?
Ribosomes
What produces cytosolic proteins?
Free (loose) ribosomes
What process is the assembly of a new protein molecule using its amino acid building blocks, as specified by the RNA (mRNA)?
Translation
What synthesizes secretory proteins to include: integral proteins, phospholipids, and cholesterol inside of the cell?
Rough ER
What synthesizes phospholipids, fats, and steriods, and has enzymes that detoxify drugs and other harmful substances?
Smooth ER (no ribosomes)
Translation, is accomplished by the ____
Ribosomes
Where are the large and small subunits of a ribosome, manufactured?
In the nucleolus
Of the two membranes of mitochondria, which one folds in many times, producing cristae?
The inner membrane
Which organelle of the cell, contains enzymes responsible for cellular respiration and the Krebs cycle?
Mitochondira
The nucleolus is a membrane bound organelle. T/F
False
What functions to protect cells from enzymatic action and adds cell adhesion and recognition?
Glycocalyx
Which organelle of the cell, is self-replicating and has its own DNA?
Mitochondria
What is the scientific name for the back of the leg?
Sural
Which organelle is the largest and most dominant in a cell?
The nucleus
Where is most of the cell’s ATP produced?
Mitochondria
What two control systems regulate homeostasis?
Nervous system (nerve impulses) Endocrine system (Hormones)
Where in your body is the oxygen used and carbon dioxide is produced? (its on of the organelles of the cell)
Mitochondria
Many disruptions to homeostasis is from the ______ environment
Internal
What is the scientific name for hip?
Coxal
When it comes to the feedback system, what is typically the receptor?
A nerve or chemoreceptor
What is the scientific name for groin?
inguinal
Both control systems of the body, operate mainly through _____ feedback
Negative
What is the scientific name for pubis?
pubic
When it comes to the feedback system, what is typically the effector?
muscle or gland
.What is the scientific name for chest?
Thoracic
What reduces friction between the visceral layer and the parietal layer?
Serous fluid
What are the three parts of the serous membrane?
Visceral layer, parietal layer, and the cavity between the two
.What is the scientific name for loin?
lumbar
Which cavity, technically has not organs within it?
Peritoneal cavity
What is the scientific name for heel?
calcaneal
Inflammation of the serous membrane is considered a _______ imbalance
Homeostatic
In regards to retroperitoneal organs, what falls in the digestive system?
- Esophagus, 2. Pancreas (except the tail), 3. Duodenum (except first segment), 4. Ascending and descending colon (not transverse, sigmoid, or cecum), 5. Rectum
What is another name for iguinal?
iliac or groin
When locating organs, which system is used most by anatomists?
The abdominopelvic region
What substance is used in a microtome to help with cutting samples?
Paraffin
In which quadrant is the gallbladder found?
The Right Upper Quadrant
What is the sum of all the chemical processes that occur in the body?
Metabolism
In which quadrant is the pancreas found?
Head in upper right with body and tail in the upper left
When locating organs, which system is used most by medical personnel?
Abdominopelvic quadrants
In which quadrant is the liver found?
Right and Left upper quadrants
Aside from the changes in chemical complexity, a fundamental component of metabolic reactions is ____
Energy relationships
In which quadrant is the duodenum found?
Right Upper Quadrant
While most of the stomach is found in the left upper quadrant, the _____ of the stomach is found in the upper right quadrant
Pylorus
What is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms?
A cell
Continuity of life has a _______ basis
cellular
In which quadrant is the transverse colon found?
Right and Left Upper quadrants
What is at the root of disease processes?
Cells
The blades of a microtome are powered by what?
An electric motor
The cytoplasm of a cell, generally consist of what three things?
Cytosol, organelles, and inclusions
In which quadrant is the spleen found?
Left upper quadrant
Which cell represents the “typical” cell?
None
