Exam 2 SG Integument (pt1)

Question 1

Name the accessory structures of the skin

Answer 1

1. Nail
2. Hair
3. Muscles
4. Nerves
5. Various Glands

Question 2

What are the two principal parts of the skin?

Answer 2

Epidermis and Dermis

Question 3

What is the makeup of the hypodermis?

Answer 3

Areolar and Adipose tissue

Question 4

What are the functions of the skin?

Answer 4

1. Thermoregulation
2. Protection from environment
3. Cutaneous sensation
4. Excretion
5. Synthesize of vitamin D
6. Reservoir for blood
7. Absorbs substances

Question 5

What are the types of cells in the epidermis?

Answer 5

• Keratinocytes
• Melanocytes
• Langerhans cells
• Merkel cells

Question 6

Describe Keratinocytes

Answer 6

90% of the epidermis, provides the hard waterproof protection of skin

Question 7

Describe Melanocytes

Answer 7

Comprised of mealnosomes which produces the pigment melanin; Melanin also provides protection from UV light

Question 8

Describe Langerhans cells

Answer 8

• The immune cell, originates from red bone marrow

- Migrates to the epidermis and lymphoid tissue to initiate the immune response as an APC (dendritic cell)

Question 9

Describe Merkel cells

Answer 9

The least numerous cell in the epidermis; Combined with tactile discs it functions in the sensation of touch

Question 10

What is the most common type of cell in the epidermis?

Answer 10

Keratinocytes

Question 11

What is the least common type of cell in the epidermis?

Answer 11

Merkel cells

Question 12

Describe Stratum Corneum

Answer 12

• Most superficial layer filled with 25 - 30 layers of keratinized cells.
• Between cells, lipids from lamellar granules provide water proofing

Question 13

Describe Stratum Lucidum

Answer 13

Deep to the stratum corneum, only found on thick skin

Question 14

Describe Stratum Spinosum

Answer 14

Deep to stratum granulosom, filled with 8 – 10 layers of keratinocytes and a few langerhans cells. Cells are still alive

Question 15

Describe Stratum Basale

Answer 15

deepest layer of the epidermis, filled mostly with keratinocytes (continuously undergoing mitosis) and has few melanocytes and merkel cells

Question 16

Describe Stratum Granulosom

Answer 16

Deep to the stratum lucidum filled with 3-5 layers of keratinocytes and the transition between live and dead cells

Question 17

Name the epidermal layer that is named after its artifactual appearance

Answer 17

Stratum spinousm

Question 18

Name the epidermal layer that is undergoing apoptosis

Answer 18

Stratum granulosm

Question 19

Name the epidermal layer that is where keratin begins to form

Answer 19

Stratum basale

Question 20

Where is thick skin located?

Answer 20

Fingertips, palms of hands, and soles of feet

Question 21

List the different types of sensory structures found in the skin

Answer 21

1. Merkel cells and tactile discs
2. Meissner corpuscles and free nerve endings
3. Pacinian corpuscles

Question 22

Where are Merkel cells and tactile discs found?

Answer 22

stratum basale

Question 23

Where are Meissner corpuscles and free nerve endings found?

Answer 23

papillary region of the dermis

Question 24

Where are Pacinian corpuscles found?

Answer 24

subcutaneous layer