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A&P I > Exam 1 Study Guide (Introduction) pt 3 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Study Guide (Introduction) pt 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe what a sign is

A

objective changes that can be observed and measured (such as swelling, rash, fever, high blood pressure)

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2
Q

Describe what a symptom is

A

subjective changes not apparent to an observer (such as headache, nausea, anxiety)

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3
Q

Distinguish sural from crural

A

Crural is the anterior portion of the leg (shin) while Sural is the posterior portion of the leg (calf)

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4
Q

What is the synonym of anterior

A

Ventral

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5
Q

What is the synonym of caudal

A

Inferior

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6
Q

What is the synonym of cephalic

A

Superior (cranial)

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7
Q

What is the synonym of cranial

A

Superior (cephalic)

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8
Q

What is the synonym of dorsal

A

Posterior

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9
Q

What is the synonym of inferior

A

Caudal

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10
Q

What is the synonym of posterior

A

Dorsal

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11
Q

What is the synonym of superior

A

head or cephalic

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12
Q

What is the synonym of ventral

A

Anterior

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13
Q

What is the antonym(s) of anterior

A

Posterior

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14
Q

What is the antonym(s) of contralateral

A

Ipsilateral

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15
Q

What is the antonym(s) of deep

A

Superficial

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16
Q

What is the antonym(s) of distal

A

Proximal

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17
Q

What is the antonym(s) of inferior

A

Superior

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18
Q

What is the antonym(s) of ipsilateral

A

Contralateral

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19
Q

What is the antonym(s) of lateral

A

Medial

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20
Q

What is the antonym(s) of medial

A

Lateral

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21
Q

What is the antonym(s) of posterior

A

Anterior

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22
Q

What is the antonym(s) of proximal

A

Distal

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23
Q

What is the antonym(s) of superficial

A

Deep

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24
Q

What is the antonym(s) of superior

A

Inferior

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25
Q

Which plane divides the body or an organ into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions?

A

The Frontal or Coronal plane

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26
Q

Which plane passes through the body or an organ at an oblique angle (any angle other than a 90-degree angle)?

A

The oblique plane

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27
Q

Which plane passes through the midline of the body or an organ and divides it into equal right and left sides?

A

The midsagittal or median plane

28
Q

Which plane does not pass through the midline but instead divides the body or organ into unequal right and left sides?

A

The parasagittal plane

29
Q

Which plane divides the body or organ into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions?

A

The transverse plane (also known as cross-sectional or horizontal plane)

30
Q

Sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes are all _____ to one another.

A

right angles

31
Q

Where is the dorsal body cavity located?

A

Superior, at the head and neck

32
Q

What organs are contained within the dorsal body cavity?

A

Brain (cranial cavity) and Spinal cord (vertebral (spinal) canal)

33
Q

Where is the ventral body cavity located?

A

Midsection, at the chest and abdominal

34
Q

What organs are contained within the ventral body cavity?

A

surrounds lung and heart (thoracic cavity) and contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, large intestine, and urinary bladder (abdominopelvic cavity)

35
Q

What are the subdivisions (components) of the thoracic cavity?

A

Pleural cavity, Pericardial cavity, and mediastinum

36
Q

What are the subdivisions of the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

Abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

37
Q

What structure separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

The diaphragm

38
Q

What structure separates the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity?

A

Divided into two portions, although no structure separates them

39
Q

Organs inside the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities are called what?

40
Q

Distinguish between serous membrane(s) and mucous membrane(s)

A

A serous membrane is a membrane that lines a body cavity that does not open to the exterior.
A mucous membrane is a membrane that lines a body cavity that does open to the exterior.

41
Q

Distinguish between visceral layer and parietal layer of visceral serous membranes.

A

The visceral layer, next to the viscera (viscera being equivalent to the fist in the analogy)

The parietal layer, lining the wall of the cavity (wall of the cavity being equivalent to the inside of the box in the analogy

((Analogy of limp balloon inside a box, with fist thrust into the balloon))

42
Q

Name all the organs that are inside the pleural cavity

43
Q

Name all the organs that are inside the pericardial cavity

44
Q

Name all the organs that are inside the peritoneal cavity

A

technically has no organs within it

45
Q

Name the organs that are retroperitoneal.

A

Kidneys, Adrenal glands, Ureter, Aorta Inferior vena cava, Esophagus, Pancreas (head, neck, and body, but not the tail),
Duodenum of the small intestine (but not the first segment), Ascending and descending colons of the large intestine (but not the transverse colon, sigmoid, or the cecum), Rectum

46
Q

Name each of the lines that form the nine abdominopelvic regions

A

Top horizontal line = subcostal line
Bottom horizontal line = transtubercular line
Vertical lines = midclavicular lines

47
Q

From top to bottom, name the three right abdominopelvic regions

A

Right Hypochondriac Region
Right Lumbar Region
Right Inguinal (iliac) region

48
Q

From top to bottom, name the three middle abdominopelvic regions

A

Epigastric Region
Umbilical Region
Hypogastric (pubic) Region

49
Q

From top to bottom, name the three left abdominopelvic regions

A

Left Hypochondriac Region
Left Lumbar Region
Left Inguinal (iliac) Region

50
Q

Describe the location of each of the lines that form the four abdominopelvic quadrants

A

Vertical through umbilicus

Horizontal through umbilicus

51
Q

From top to bottom, name the four abdominopelvic quadrants

A

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

52
Q

When it comes to abdominopelvic locations, which one is most commonly used by medical personnel?

A

The Abdominopelvic Quadrants

53
Q

Using the four abdominopelvic quadrants, where is the gallbladder located?

A

Right Upper Quadrant

54
Q

Using the four abdominopelvic quadrants, where is the liver located?

A

both upper quadrants, with the right lobe of the liver in the right upper quadrant, and the left lobe in the left upper quadrant.

55
Q

Using the four abdominopelvic quadrants, where is the duodenum located?

A

Right Upper Quadrant

56
Q

Using the four abdominopelvic quadrants, where is the stomach located?

A

Most of the stomach is in the left upper quadrant. The pylorus of the stomach is in the right upper quadrant.

57
Q

Using the four abdominopelvic quadrants, where is the pancreas located?

A

The head of the pancreas is in the right upper quadrant. The body and tail of the pancreas are in the left upper quadrant.

58
Q

Using the four abdominopelvic quadrants, where is the spleen located?

A

Left Upper Quadrant

59
Q

Using the four abdominopelvic quadrants, where is the jejunum located?

A

All four quadrants

60
Q

Using the four abdominopelvic quadrants, where is the ileum located?

A

All four quadrants

61
Q

Using the four abdominopelvic quadrants, where is the vermiform appendix located?

A

Right Lower Quadrant

62
Q

Using the four abdominopelvic quadrants, where is the ascending colon located?

A

the inferior portion of the ascending colon is located in the right lower quadrant

The superior portion of the ascending colon is in the right upper quadrant.

63
Q

Using the four abdominopelvic quadrants, where is the transverse colon located?

A

both upper quadrants

64
Q

Using the four abdominopelvic quadrants, where is the descending colon located?

A

both left quadrants – the superior portion in the upper left quadrant, and the inferior part in the lower left quadrant

65
Q

Using the four abdominopelvic quadrants, where are the kidneys located?

A

upper right and upper left quadrants

A&P I (37 decks)

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