evolution by natural selection.

Question 1

define species.

Answer 1

group of organisms that can breed to produce fertile offspring.

Question 2

what can happen if the mutation has a good effect, what does this mean long term and how can this link into natural selection?

Answer 2

produces an adaptation that makes an organism better suited to it’s environment.
more likely to survive and breed.
mutation gets passed onto the next generation.

Question 3

how did the peppered moth show natural selection?

Answer 3

2 forms- light and dark.
before 1800 light moths had the advantage- could blend into trees and were more common.
industrial revolution changes colour trees and the darker moths had the advantage and were more common.
trees changed back colour. white moths more common.

Question 4

what is natural selection?

Answer 4

wide variation within a species.
competition to survive.
better adapted organism survive.
reproduce.
pass on genes to offspring.
these genes become more common in the population.

Question 5

what were Darwin’s observations?

Answer 5

all organisms produce more offspring than what survive to adulthood.
populations remain more or less constant in numbers.
members of the same species show variation in characteristics.
some characteristics are inherited and so passed on to the next generation.

Question 6

what is the theory of evolution?

Answer 6

all living organisms have evolved from simpler forms.
evolution has come about by a process called natural selection.
only those most adapted to their environment will survive.
survival of the fittest.

Question 7

a child saved some apple seeds from an apple she ate. she planted the seeds in the garden. a few years later the apple tree produced apples. the apples didn’t taste the same as the original- explain why. (2 marks.)

Answer 7

mutation. produced by sexual reproduction.

Question 8

apple trees can be reproduced so that the apples from the new tree taste the same as the apples from the parent tree. give one method used to reproduce apple trees in this way. (1 mark.)
explain why the method you have suggested above will produce apples that taste the same as the apples form the parent tree. (2 marks.)

Answer 8

any one from….
cuttings/ tissue culture.
grafting.
cell cloning.

asexual reproduction/ cloning.
identical genes.