enzymes & liver. Flashcards
types of enzymes.
lipase.
protease.
what do lipids do?
lipids are broken down into fatty acids.
what do protease do?
breaks up proteins.
what are the uses of enzymes?
making new substances.
breaking down substances.
speeding up chemical reactions.
description of enzymes.
type of protein.
unique number and order of amino acids.-different shaped molecules.
-different functions.
what type of catalyst is an enzyme?
biological.
examples of where we see them used.
respiration, photosynthesis, digestion.
what is a substate?
The molecule or atom that an enzyme acts on.
how many steps are there to an enzyme breaking down a substate?
5 steps.
what is the first step of breaking down a substate?
substate goes towards enzyme.
what is the second step of breaking down a substate?
substate and enzyme connect.
what is the third step of breaking down a substate?
substate cracks but doesn’t fully break.
what is the fourth step of breaking down a substate?
substate starts to pull away , broken.
what is the fifth step of breaking down a substate?
broken pieces of substate pull away.
what are the factors that affect enzyme activity?
temperature.
PH balance.
enzyme concentration.
why does temperature affect enzyme activity?
an increase in temp above optimal temp causes the active site to become denatured.
why does PH balance affect enzyme activity?
deviating from the optimum PH causes the active site to become denatured.
why does the enzyme concentration affect enzyme activity?
at a certain point there would be no substrate molecules to react with the enzymes.
how the liver works: stage 1.
proteins are broken down by enzymes to form amino acids.
how the liver works: stage 2.
amino acids diffuse from a high concentration in your cells to a low concentration in your blood.
how the liver works: stage 3.
amino acids travel to the liver in the blood where they will have a higher concentration in the blood than the liver.
how the liver works: stage 4.
amino acids diffuse from the blood into the liver.
how the liver works: stage 5.
in the liver amino acids are broken down to form area which is then excreted by the kidneys.
