Epilepsy

Question 1

Epilepsy

Define:

Answer 1

• chronic CNS disorders characterised by recurrent seizures
• epileptic seizures are due to abnormal brain activity (confirmed on EEG) unattributable to organic causes

Question 2

Define:

Epileptic seizure:

Epilepsy:

Epilepsy syndrome:

Answer 2

Question 3

Epilepsy

2 major types:

Answer 3

Focal and General

Question 4

Partial/Focal Seizure

Answer 4

• Conscious (aura) or Unconscious*
• • Simple: sudden jerking, sensory phenomena*
• • Complex: simple partial seizures + impaired consciousness*

Question 5

General Epilepsy

Examples: 6

Answer 5

Tonic-Clonic

Absence

Clonic

Tonic

Atonic

Myoclonic

Question 6

Tonic Seizure

Answer 6

• muscles stiffen

Question 7

Clonic Seizure

Answer 7

• rhythmic jerks of*
• limbs, body, head*

Question 8

Absence Seizure

Answer 8

• • brief loss and return of consciousness*
• (aka Petit mal seizures)*

Question 9

Myoclonic Seizure

Answer 9

- involve spasms of muscles

Question 10

Atonic Seizure

Answer 10

• • loss of muscle activity for greater than one second*
• (commonly seen as “head drop”)*

Question 11

Tonic-Clonic Seizure

Answer 11

Tonic-Clonic

(aka Grand mal seizures)

Question 12

Postictal state

Answer 12

• altered state of consciousness after an epileptic seizure*
• (drowsiness, confusion, headache)*

Question 13

Todd’s paralysis

Answer 13

focal weakness in a part of the body

after a seizure

Question 14

Trigger:

Answer 14

Trauma, Stress, drug withdraw, infection, electrolytic disturbances, hormone, alcohol, intense light, loss of sleep

Question 15

What to do for a patient during a seizure

Answer 15

During episode patient’s mouth should be kept open, and his/her head should be hold to minimize damage.

Question 16

• Sign/Symptoms:*
• of Seizure*

Answer 16

loss of memory, injury, sleepy,

Todd’s paralyses (neurologic deficit following a seizure that can last 24 hr), pee on pant

Question 17

• Diagnosis-Tests for Epilepsy*
• Name:*

Answer 17

EEG (see “spikes”)

Video EEG (to differentiate from pseudooseizure)

CT (to rule out tumour)

Question 18

Tx:

Partial

Answer 18

Partial

– Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine, Levetiracetam, Valproate

Question 19

Tx:

Generalised

Answer 19

• Generalised

Carbamazepine, Valproate

Question 20

TX:

Absence **

Answer 20

Absence

1st line is

Ethosuximide

then Valproate​

Question 21

Tx:

Localized

Answer 21

Localized

carbamazepine, Phenytoin, Valproate, Lamotrigine

Question 22

Tx:

Myoclonic

Answer 22

Myoclonic

Valproic acid

Question 23

Tx:

Tonic-clonic

Answer 23

Tonic-clonic

Valproate, Lamotrigene