Cerebellar syndrome Flashcards
Define cerebellum
- is responsible for controlling gait and muscle coordination (Motor control)
- it receives information from the sensory systems, the spinal cord, and other parts of the brain and then regulates motor movements.
- it coordinates voluntary movements such as posture, balance, coordination, and speech, resulting in smooth and balanced muscular activity.
REVIEW
Cognitive function of cerebellum
Cognitive functions of the cerebellum
Projections of the cerebellar nuclei connect to cortical areas via the thalamus and midbrain areas. Cortical areas involved in cognitive functions and language include the network of frontal association areas, ventral orbital areas, insular cortex and ventrolateral striatum, Wernicke’s area, and Broca’s area. Blue areas bounded by dashed lines are out of the sagittal plane.
Define Ataxia:
- lack of fine control of voluntary movements
- term for a group of disorders that affect co-ordination, balance and speech.
- Any part of the body can be affected, but people with ataxia often have difficulties with: balance and walking.
- Ataxia arises from disorders of*
- Name 6*
- Acute cerebellar ataxia (ACA)*
- Define :*
Acute cerebellar ataxia (ACA)
is a disorder that occurs when the cerebellum becomes inflamed or damaged.
The cerebellum is the area of the brain responsible for controlling gait and muscle coordination.
The term ataxia refers to a lack of fine control of voluntary movements.
Symptoms of Ataxia:
- impaired coordination and balance
- intention tremor, dysdiadochokinesia, dysmetria,
dysarthria, slurred speech, nystagmus, unsteady gait (walk as if “drunk”)
- dysdiadochokinesia*
- define:*
-inability to perform rapid alternating muscle movements.
These can be quick, synchronous, and can include pronation/supination, fast finger tapping, opening and closing of the fists, and foot tapping
- dysmetria*
- Define:*
- -is a lack of coordination of movement typified by the undershoot or overshoot of intended position with the hand, arm, leg, or eye.*
- It is a type of ataxia.*
- It can also include an inability to judge distance or scale.*
- dysarthria*
- Define:*
- is a motor speech disorder in which the muscles that are used for speech production in your face, mouth, or respiratory system are damaged, paralyzed, or weakened
- it usually results from a brain injury or neurological condition, such as a stroke.
- The person with dysarthria cannot control their tongue or voice box and may slur words
nystagmus
Define:
is a vision condition in which the eyes make repetitive, uncontrolled movements.
- These movements often result in reduced vision and depth perception and can affect balance and coordination.
- These involuntary eye movements can occur from side to side, up and down, or in a circular pattern.
What are the causes of
Ataxia?
viruses:
(varicella, measles, mumps, hepatitis A, EBV, Coxsackie)
head trauma, cerebellar bleeding, toxins, bacterial (Lyme disease)
B12 deficiency
Define
Cerebellar syndrome conditions involved:
- -Loss of coordination and balance:*
- intention tremor
- macrographia
- dysdiadochokinesia
- dysmetria
- truncal or postural ataxia
- Dysarthria (motor speech disorder)
- Oculomotor disturbance (nystagus)
- Decreased unilateral muscle tone
Posterior lobe
the posterior lobe of cerebellum is called the n_eocerebellum_
-It plays an important role in fine motor coordination, specifically in the inhibition of involuntary movement via inhibitory neurotransmitters, especially GABA.
The posterior lobe receives input mainly from the brainstem (i.e., reticular formation and inferior olivary nucleus) and cerebral cortex.
ataxia
dysmetria
dysdiadochokinesia
intension tremor
explosive speech
- Cerebellar syndrome of the*
- Anterior cerebellar lobe*
The anterior lobe is separated from the posterior lobe by the primary fissure, and the posterolateral fissure separates flocculonodular lobe from the posterior lobe.
Note: The posterior lobe is much larger than
anterior lobe.
Name
Cranial nerves:
