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A+P 2 > Endocrine Cont > Flashcards

Endocrine Cont Flashcards

1
Q

RH (releasing hormones)

A

releasing hormones produced by the hypothalamus that stimulate the anterior pituitary to release a particular hormone

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2
Q

IH (inhibiting hormones)

A

inhibiting hormone produced by hypothalamus inhibit anterior pituitary from secreting a particular hormone

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3
Q

Adenohypophysis

A

anterior pituitary

-the hypophyseal portal veins is the vascular connection between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary

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4
Q

The hypothalamus makes 7 hormones that are transported by the ______ to the _____

A
  1. hypophyseal portal veins

2. anterior pituitary

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5
Q

The anterior pituitary responds to RHs by secretion of the following 6 hormones

A
  1. hGH (human growth hormone, growth of body cells)
  2. TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone, thyroid gland)
  3. FSH (follicle stimulating hormone, gamete production)
  4. LH (luteinizing hormone, gonadal hormone production)
  5. PRL (prolactin, milk production)
  6. ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone, adrenal cortex)
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6
Q

Thyroid gland

A
  • largest major endocrine gland
  • stores 2-3 months of thyroid hormone (TH, thyroglobulin)
  • TH is the body’s main metabolic homrone
  • consists of follicular cells and parafollicular cells
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7
Q

The Thyroid gland consists of 2 different kinds of hormone-secreting cells

A
  1. Follicular cells- make, store, and secrete TH (lipid-soluble hormone)
  2. Parafollicular cells- make calcitonin (water- soluble)
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8
Q

Thyroid Hormone (TH) is a mixture of T3 and T4

A

T3- (triiodothyronine) has 3 iodines attached to cross-linked tyrosines
T4- (thyroxine) has 4 iodines attached to cross-linked tyrosines

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9
Q

Effects of TH (T3 and T4)

A
  • Increase basal metabolic rate (BMR)
  • Maintains BP (blood pressure)
  • Regulates normal growth and development
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10
Q

Effects of water-soluble Calcitonin

A

Lowers blood calcium

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11
Q

Parathyroid Gland

A

secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH)

  • which raises blood calcium
  • water-soluble hormone
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12
Q

Adrenal Gland consists of

A
  • Adrenal Cortex- secretes steroids (lipid-soluble)

- Adrenal Medulla- secretes water-based hormones

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13
Q

Adrenal Cortex

A 
produces many steroids (lipid-soluble)
-outer layer of adrenal gland
consists of:
-zona glomerulosa
-zona fasiculata
-zona reticularis
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14
Q

Adrenal Cortex consists of

A
  • Zona Glomerulosa- secretes mainly mineralocorticoids, mainly aldosterone
  • Zona Fasiculata- secretes glucocorticoids, mainly cortisol
  • Zona Reticularis- secretes androgens
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15
Q

Adrenal Medulla

A

secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine (NE)

-innner layer of adrenal gland

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16
Q

Pancreas

A

Both and endocrine and exocrine gland
-99% of cells are acinar cells- produce digestive enzymes
-1% of cells help regulate blood glucose:
alpha cells- make glucagon
beta cells- make insulin

17
Q

Pancreas: Exocrine gland

A
  • has ducts
  • secretes non-hormone product
  • 99%
  • Acinar cells- produce digestive enzymes
18
Q

Pancreas: Endocrine gland

A

-ductless
-secretes hormones (into IF)
-1%
-Islets of Langerhans:
alpha cells- produce glucagon
beta cells- produce insulin

19
Q

Ovaries

A

secrete estrogen and progesterone (steroids)

  • regulates menstrual cycle (both)
  • female secondary sex characteristics (estrogen)
20
Q

Testes

A

secrete testosterone (steroid)

  • sperm production
  • male secondary sex characteristics
21
Q

Pineal Gland

A

secretes melatonin

-regulates day/night cycles

22
Q

Thymus gland

A

secretes thymic hormone (water-soluble)

-development of T cells

23
Q

Hypersecretion

A

oversecretion

24
Q

Hyposecretion

A

undersecretion

25
Q

Adrenal Cortex: Zona Glomerulosa

A
  • aldosterone

- kidneys reabsorb Na+

26
Q

Adrenal Cortex: Zona Fasiculata

A
  • cortisol

- regulates blood sugar, blood volume, high levels inhibit immune system

27
Q

Adrenal Cortex: Zona Reticularis

A
  • weak androgens

- contribute to puberty, sex drive

A+P 2 (24 decks)

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