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A+P 2 > Blood Vessels Continued > Flashcards

Blood Vessels Continued Flashcards

1
Q

Capillary Exchange

A

movement of substances between blood plasma and interstitial fluid

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2
Q

Capillary Exchange is accomplished by:

A
  1. Diffusion- moves down concentration gradient
  2. Transcytosis- moves substances across a cell
  3. Bulk Flow- passive process by which large numbers of ions, molecules or particles in a fluid move together in the same direction
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3
Q

Capillary Exchange is accomplished by: Diffusion

A

passive process that moves substances from high to low concentration

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4
Q

Capillary Exchange is accomplished by: Transcytosis

A
  • pinocytosis and exocytosis
  • moves substances across a cell (active; uses ATP (energy))
  • move things from one side to the other
  • vesicles used to shuttle substances across capillary wall
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5
Q

Capillary Exchange is accomplished by: Bulk Flow

A

passive process by which large number of ions, molecules or particles in a fluid move together in the same direction

  • requires pressure (fluid movement due to pressure)
  • contributes the most capillary exchanges
  • always directional
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6
Q

Bulk Flow is directional

A
  1. Filtration- bulk flow from capillaries into interstitial fluid
  2. Reabsorption- bulk flow from interstitial fluid into capillaries
  3. Pressure differences determine the direction of bulk flow
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7
Q

Bulk Flow is directional: Filtration

A

bulk flow from capillaries into interstitial fluid

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8
Q

Bulk flow is directional: Reabsorption

A

bulk flow from interstitial fluid into capillaries

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9
Q

Bulk flow is directional: Pressure Differences

A

pressure differences determine the direction of bulk flow

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10
Q

Pressures that affect Bulk Flow

A
  1. Hydrostatic pressure
  2. Osmotic pressure
  3. Net filtration pressure (NFP)
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11
Q

Pressures that affect Bulk Flow: Hydrostatic Pressure

A

force exerted by a fluid against a wall; pushes out, fluid pressing against walls

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12
Q

Pressures that affect Bulk Flow: Osmotic Pressure

A

force opposing hydrostatic pressure due to non-diffusing molecules
-tendency of water to go into the blood because of he proteins (non-diffusing molecules)

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13
Q

Pressures that affect Bulk Flow: Net Filtration Pressure (NFP)

A

the balance of the pressure which determines whether filtration or reabsorption takes place

  • If Hydrostatic Pressure > Osmotic Pressure, the NFP=(+), which = filtration (this is when more pushing out then sucking in)
  • If Osmotic Pressure > Hydrostatic Pressure, the NFP=(-), which = reabsorption
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14
Q

Pressures promoting filtration

A

-Arterial End: Net filtration at arterial end of capillaries (20 liters per day); 20 liters of fluid filtered out of capillaries per day (fluid is plasma without proteins)
-Hydrostatic Pressure (HP)
-Osmotic Pressure (OP)
-beginning End
HP=35 Hp= 16
OP= 26 OP= 26
(pressure drops as it moves away from the heart; for HP)
-HP>OP, NFP= +10mmHg
Filtration Occurs because its +

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15
Q

Pressures promoting reabsorption

A

Venous end: net reabsorption at venous end of capillaries (17 liters per day)
-3 liters of fluid goes into tissues per day
-excess fluid goes to lymphatic system as lymph
(fluid gets returned by lymphatic system)
-Beginning End
Hp=35 Hp=16
Op=26 Op=26
-Op> HP
NFP= (-9)
reabsorption occurs because its -

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16
Q

Filtration occurs:

A
  • at the beginning of capillary (arterial end)

- (NFP is +)

17
Q

Reabsorption occurs:

A
  • at the end of capillary (venous end)

- (NFP is -)

18
Q

Blood Flow

A

amount of blood flowing through a tissue in a given period of time

19
Q

Blood Pressure

A

hydrostatic pressure exerted by blood on the vessel wall

-affects blood flow

20
Q

Resistance

A

opposition to blood flow

-affect blood flow

21
Q

Factors Affecting Resistance

A
  1. Blood Viscosity- thickness of blood, dependent on hematocrit (greater blood viscosity increases resistance)
  2. Total blood vessel length–. longer the rube the greater the resistance
  3. Blood vessel diameter (determined by tunica media (main factor)
    - vasoconstriction increases resistance
    - vasodilation decreases resistance
22
Q 
F= TriangleP 
     -----------------
              R
P=pressure
R= resistance
Triangle= difference
A
  • contraction of the ventricles increase blood pressure, which increases blood flow
  • increase in resistance decreases blood flow
23
Q

Ex of blood viscosity: Polycythemia

A

excess of RBC–> blood viscosity thicker

-increase in resistance, decrease in blood flow

24
Q

Ex of total blood vessel length

A

increase resistance, decrease blood flow

-Obesity- extra miles of blood vessels which leads to greater resistance + blood flow decreases

25
Q

Ex of blood vessel diameter

A
  1. Vasoconstriction
    - increase resistance, decrease blood flow
    - narrower, less can flow through
  2. Vasodilation
    - decrease resistance, increase blood flow
    - flowing through faster and easier because its wider

A+P 2 (24 decks)

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