Chapter 22 Respiratory System Vocabulary Flashcards
Respiration
The process of supplying the body with O2 and disposing of CO2
Pulmonary Ventilation
breathing
Inhalation/ Inspiration
inflow of air from atmosphere to lungs (breathing in)
Exhalation/ Expiration
outflow of air from lungs to atmosphere (breathing out)
External Respiration
exchange of O2 and CO2 between air in lungs and blood
Internal Respiration
exchange of O2 and CO2 between blood + tissues
Conducting Zone Structures
a series of interconnecting cavities and tubes that conduct air into lungs
- no gas exchange
- nose, nasal cavity, sinuses
- pharynx
- larynx
- trachea
- bronchi
- bronchioles
- terminal bronchials
Respiratory Zone Structures
structures of the respiratory system involved with gas exchange
- Respiratory Bronchioles
- Alveolar Ducts
- Alveolar Sacs/ Alveoli
Partial Pressure
pressure exerted by each gas in a mixture of gases
Alveolar Pressure
pressure in the alveoli
Atmospheric Pressure
pressure of the air surrounding the body
Intrapleural Pressure
pressure in the pleural cavities
Surface Tension
cohesion of liquid molecules
Surfactant
produced by type II cells which decrease surface tension
Lung Compliance
The ability of the lungs to stretch
Tidal Volume (TV)
500ml
-volume of one breath
Minute Ventilation (MV)
6000ml
-volume of air inhaled and exhaled per minute
Anatomical Dead Space
150ml
-volume of air remaining in conducting zone structures where gas exchange does not take place
Inspirational/ Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
3100ml
-volume of air that can be forcefully inhaled over and above the tidal volume
Expirational/ Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
1200ml
-volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled over and above the tidal volume
Vital Capacity (VC)
4800ml
-total volume of exchangeable air
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
6000ml
-total volume of air in lungs after maximal inspiration
Residual Volume (RV)
1200ml
-volume of air remaining in lungs after maximal expiration
Hering-Breuer Reflex
when lungs are overstretched, lungs receive signal from medulla to end inspiration
Boyle’s Law
the pressure of a gas varies inversely with its volume
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures
the partial pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the percentage of that gas in the mixture
Henry’s Law
when a mixture of gases is in contact with a liquid, each gas will dissolve in proportion to its partial pressure and solubility
Bohr Effect
when the pH decreases, more oxygen will be unloaded from hemoglobin
Haldane Effect
deoxyhemoglobin has a greater affinity for carbon dioxide (CO2)
