Chapter 22 Respiratory System Vocabulary

Question 1

Respiration

Answer 1

The process of supplying the body with O2 and disposing of CO2

Question 2

Pulmonary Ventilation

Answer 2

breathing

Question 3

Inhalation/ Inspiration

Answer 3

inflow of air from atmosphere to lungs (breathing in)

Question 4

Exhalation/ Expiration

Answer 4

outflow of air from lungs to atmosphere (breathing out)

Question 5

External Respiration

Answer 5

exchange of O2 and CO2 between air in lungs and blood

Question 6

Internal Respiration

Answer 6

exchange of O2 and CO2 between blood + tissues

Question 7

Conducting Zone Structures

Answer 7

a series of interconnecting cavities and tubes that conduct air into lungs

• no gas exchange
• nose, nasal cavity, sinuses
• pharynx
• larynx
• trachea
• bronchi
• bronchioles
• terminal bronchials

Question 8

Respiratory Zone Structures

Answer 8

structures of the respiratory system involved with gas exchange

• Respiratory Bronchioles
• Alveolar Ducts
• Alveolar Sacs/ Alveoli

Question 9

Partial Pressure

Answer 9

pressure exerted by each gas in a mixture of gases

Question 10

Alveolar Pressure

Answer 10

pressure in the alveoli

Question 11

Atmospheric Pressure

Answer 11

pressure of the air surrounding the body

Question 12

Intrapleural Pressure

Answer 12

pressure in the pleural cavities

Question 13

Surface Tension

Answer 13

cohesion of liquid molecules

Question 14

Surfactant

Answer 14

produced by type II cells which decrease surface tension

Question 15

Lung Compliance

Answer 15

The ability of the lungs to stretch

Question 16

Tidal Volume (TV)

Answer 16

500ml

-volume of one breath

Question 17

Minute Ventilation (MV)

Answer 17

6000ml

-volume of air inhaled and exhaled per minute

Question 18

Anatomical Dead Space

Answer 18

150ml

-volume of air remaining in conducting zone structures where gas exchange does not take place

Question 19

Inspirational/ Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

Answer 19

3100ml

-volume of air that can be forcefully inhaled over and above the tidal volume

Question 20

Expirational/ Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

Answer 20

1200ml

-volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled over and above the tidal volume

Question 21

Vital Capacity (VC)

Answer 21

4800ml

-total volume of exchangeable air

Question 22

Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

Answer 22

6000ml

-total volume of air in lungs after maximal inspiration

Question 23

Residual Volume (RV)

Answer 23

1200ml

-volume of air remaining in lungs after maximal expiration

Question 24

Hering-Breuer Reflex

Answer 24

when lungs are overstretched, lungs receive signal from medulla to end inspiration

Question 25

Boyle’s Law

Answer 25

the pressure of a gas varies inversely with its volume

Question 26

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures

Answer 26

the partial pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the percentage of that gas in the mixture

Question 27

Henry’s Law

Answer 27

when a mixture of gases is in contact with a liquid, each gas will dissolve in proportion to its partial pressure and solubility

Question 28

Bohr Effect

Answer 28

when the pH decreases, more oxygen will be unloaded from hemoglobin

Question 29

Haldane Effect

Answer 29

deoxyhemoglobin has a greater affinity for carbon dioxide (CO2)