Blood, Immune System Disorders

Question 1

Erythrocyte Disorder: Anemia

Answer 1

blood’s oxygen carrying capacity is too low to support normal metabolism

Question 2

Erythrocyte Disorder: Hemorrhagic Anemia

Answer 2

Blood loss

Question 3

Erythrocyte Disorder: Hemolytic Anemia

Answer 3

Too many red blood cells destroyed.
-erythrocytes rupture, or lyse, prematurely (red blood cells are destroyed and removed from the bloodstream before their normal lifespan is over)

Question 4

Erythrocyte Disorder: Aplastic Anemia

Answer 4

may result from destruction or inhibition of the red marrow by certain drugs and chemicals, ionizing radiation, or viruses. (red bone marrow damage)
-doesn’t make enough new blood cells

Question 5

Erythrocyte Disorder: Iron-deficiency Anemia

Answer 5

not enough red blood cells produced

• Too few healthy red blood cells due to too little iron in the body
• lack iron

Question 6

Erythrocyte Disorder: Pernicious Anemia

Answer 6

A decrease in red blood cells when the body can’t absorb enough vitamin B-12.

• affects elderly
• Pernicious anemia is defined as a type of vitamin B12 deficiency that results from impaired uptake of vitamin B-12 due to the lack of a substance known as intrinsic factor (IF) produced by the stomach lining.

Question 7

Erythrocyte Disorder: Thalassemia

Answer 7

Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder in which the body makes an abnormal form of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the protein molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen.

• one of the globin chains is absent or faulty, and the erythrocytes are thin, delicate, and deficient in hemoglobin
• classified according to which hemoglobin chain is affected and where

Question 8

Erythrocyte Disorder: Sickle-cell Anemia

Answer 8

A group of disorders that cause red blood cells to become misshapen and break down
-crescent shaped

Question 9

Erythrocyte Disorder: Polycythemia

Answer 9

excess RBC production

Question 10

Leukocyte Disorder: Leukemia

Answer 10

group of cancerous conditions involving overproduction of WBCs
-A cancer of blood-forming tissues, hindering the body’s ability to fight infection.

Question 11

Leukocyte Disorder: Infectious mononucleosis

Answer 11

• “kissing disease”
• highly contagious viral disease often seen in young adults
• Often called mono or kissing disease, an infection with the Epstein-Barr virus

Question 12

Thromboembolytic Disorders

Answer 12

undesirable clot formation

Question 13

Bleeding Disorders

Answer 13

blood does not clot properly

Question 14

Thrombocytopenia

Answer 14

a condition in which the number of circulating platelets is deficient
-causes spontaneous bleeding from small blood vessels all over the body

Question 15

Impaired Liver Function

Answer 15

when the liver is unable to synthesize its usual supply of clotting factors, abnormal and often severe bleeding occurs

Question 16

Hemophilia

Answer 16

• several hereditary bleeding disorders that have similar signs + symptoms
• a medical condition in which the ability of the blood to clot is severely reduced, causing the sufferer to bleed severely from even a slight injury.
• blood doesn’t clot normally

Question 17

Transfusion reaction

Answer 17

when mismatched blood is infused, a transfusion reaction occurs in which the recipients plasma agglutinins attack the donors red blood cells

Question 18

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

Answer 18

when the mothers antibodies cross through the placenta and destroy the babies RBCs.
-the baby becomes anemic and hypoxic

Question 19

Immunodeficiencies

Answer 19

deficient immune systems

Question 20

SCID

Answer 20

• severe combined immunodeficiency syndromes

- result from various genetic defects that produce a marked deficit of B and T cells

Question 21

AIDS

Answer 21

• acquired immune deficiency syndrome; caused by HIV; symptoms include severe weight loss, night sweats, swollen lymph nodes, opportunistic infections
• cripples the immune system by interfering with the activity of helper T cells

Question 22

Autoimmune Disorders

Answer 22

immune system attacks own cells

Question 23

Autoimmune Disorders: Multiple Sclerosis

Answer 23

disorder of the CNS; causes hardened patches in the brain and spinal cord

• destroys the myelin of the white matter of the brain ad spinal cord
• A disease in which the immune system eats away at the protective covering of nerves

Question 24

Autoimmune Disorders: Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 24

A chronic condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin.

Question 25

Autoimmune Disorders: Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 25

systematically destroys joints

-A chronic inflammatory disorder affecting many joints, including those in the hands and feet.

Question 26

Hypersensitivities

Answer 26

overactive Immune system

Question 27

Hypersensitivities: Asthma

Answer 27

A condition in which a person’s airways become inflamed, narrow and swell, and produce extra mucus, which makes it difficult to breathe.

Question 28

Hypersensitivities: Anaphylactic shock

Answer 28

an extreme, often life-threatening allergic reaction to an antigen to which the body has become hypersensitive
-typically occurs when the allergen directly enters the blood and circulates rapidly through the body