Blood, Immune System Disorders Flashcards
Erythrocyte Disorder: Anemia
blood’s oxygen carrying capacity is too low to support normal metabolism
Erythrocyte Disorder: Hemorrhagic Anemia
Blood loss
Erythrocyte Disorder: Hemolytic Anemia
Too many red blood cells destroyed.
-erythrocytes rupture, or lyse, prematurely (red blood cells are destroyed and removed from the bloodstream before their normal lifespan is over)
Erythrocyte Disorder: Aplastic Anemia
may result from destruction or inhibition of the red marrow by certain drugs and chemicals, ionizing radiation, or viruses. (red bone marrow damage)
-doesn’t make enough new blood cells
Erythrocyte Disorder: Iron-deficiency Anemia
not enough red blood cells produced
- Too few healthy red blood cells due to too little iron in the body
- lack iron
Erythrocyte Disorder: Pernicious Anemia
A decrease in red blood cells when the body can’t absorb enough vitamin B-12.
- affects elderly
- Pernicious anemia is defined as a type of vitamin B12 deficiency that results from impaired uptake of vitamin B-12 due to the lack of a substance known as intrinsic factor (IF) produced by the stomach lining.
Erythrocyte Disorder: Thalassemia
Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder in which the body makes an abnormal form of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the protein molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen.
- one of the globin chains is absent or faulty, and the erythrocytes are thin, delicate, and deficient in hemoglobin
- classified according to which hemoglobin chain is affected and where
Erythrocyte Disorder: Sickle-cell Anemia
A group of disorders that cause red blood cells to become misshapen and break down
-crescent shaped
Erythrocyte Disorder: Polycythemia
excess RBC production
Leukocyte Disorder: Leukemia
group of cancerous conditions involving overproduction of WBCs
-A cancer of blood-forming tissues, hindering the body’s ability to fight infection.
Leukocyte Disorder: Infectious mononucleosis
- “kissing disease”
- highly contagious viral disease often seen in young adults
- Often called mono or kissing disease, an infection with the Epstein-Barr virus
Thromboembolytic Disorders
undesirable clot formation
Bleeding Disorders
blood does not clot properly
Thrombocytopenia
a condition in which the number of circulating platelets is deficient
-causes spontaneous bleeding from small blood vessels all over the body
Impaired Liver Function
when the liver is unable to synthesize its usual supply of clotting factors, abnormal and often severe bleeding occurs
Hemophilia
- several hereditary bleeding disorders that have similar signs + symptoms
- a medical condition in which the ability of the blood to clot is severely reduced, causing the sufferer to bleed severely from even a slight injury.
- blood doesn’t clot normally
Transfusion reaction
when mismatched blood is infused, a transfusion reaction occurs in which the recipients plasma agglutinins attack the donors red blood cells
Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
when the mothers antibodies cross through the placenta and destroy the babies RBCs.
-the baby becomes anemic and hypoxic
Immunodeficiencies
deficient immune systems
SCID
- severe combined immunodeficiency syndromes
- result from various genetic defects that produce a marked deficit of B and T cells
AIDS
- acquired immune deficiency syndrome; caused by HIV; symptoms include severe weight loss, night sweats, swollen lymph nodes, opportunistic infections
- cripples the immune system by interfering with the activity of helper T cells
Autoimmune Disorders
immune system attacks own cells
Autoimmune Disorders: Multiple Sclerosis
disorder of the CNS; causes hardened patches in the brain and spinal cord
- destroys the myelin of the white matter of the brain ad spinal cord
- A disease in which the immune system eats away at the protective covering of nerves
Autoimmune Disorders: Type 1 Diabetes
A chronic condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin.
Autoimmune Disorders: Rheumatoid Arthritis
systematically destroys joints
-A chronic inflammatory disorder affecting many joints, including those in the hands and feet.
Hypersensitivities
overactive Immune system
Hypersensitivities: Asthma
A condition in which a person’s airways become inflamed, narrow and swell, and produce extra mucus, which makes it difficult to breathe.
Hypersensitivities: Anaphylactic shock
an extreme, often life-threatening allergic reaction to an antigen to which the body has become hypersensitive
-typically occurs when the allergen directly enters the blood and circulates rapidly through the body
