Chapter 23 The Respiratory System Flashcards
Functions of the Respiratory System
- Brings in oxygen (O2)
- Removes carbon dioxide (CO2)
- Regulates blood pH
- Smell Receptors
- Filters inspired air
- Produces sounds
- Removes excess water and heat
- Respiratory pump
Structural Divisions of the Respiratory System
- Upper Respiratory System
2. Lower Respiratory System
Structural Divisions of the Respiratory System: Upper Respiratory System
(Head)
- mouth
- nose
- nasal passages
- pharynx
Structural Divisions of the Respiratory System: Lower Respiratory System
(Neck + Chest)
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Lungs
Functional Divisions of the Respiratory System
- Conducting Zone Structures (no gas exchange)
2. Respiratory Zone Structures (gas exchange)
Functional Divisions of the Respiratory System: Conducting Zone Structures
No gas exchange
- Nasal Passages
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Bronchioles- <1mm in diameter
- Terminal Bronchioles
Functional Divisions of the Respiratory System: Respiratory Zone Structures
Gas Exchange
- Respiratory Bronchioles
- Alveolar Ducts
- Alveoli
- Alveolar sacs
Structure of Respiratory Membrane
-0.5- 1 micrometer thick (very thin)
-750 square feet (huge surface area)
-air-blood barrier
Consists of:
1. Alveolar walls
a. Type 1 cells- produce ACE
b. Type 2 cells- produce surfactant (chemical that reduces surface tension)
2. Capillary wall
(can also have basement membrane)
Respiration
to supply body with O2 and dispose CO2
3 processes of respiration
- Pulmonary Ventilation
- External Respiration
- Internal Respiration
Pressures Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation
- Atmospheric Pressure
- Alveolar Pressure
- Intrapleural Pressure
Pressures Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation: Atmospheric Pressure
pressure exerted by air surrounding the body
-760 mmHg
Pressures Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation: Alveolar Pressure
pressure of the air in alveoli
-changes with phase of breathing
Pressures Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation: Intrapleural Pressure
about 4 mmHg lower than alveolar pressure
Process of Respiration: Pulmonary Ventilation
breathing
- Inhalation or Inspiration- intake of air
- Exhalation or Expiration- outflow of air
Process of Respiration: External Respiration
exchange of O2 and CO2 between air in lungs and blood (gas exchange)
- O2 leaves alveoli and enters the blood
- CO2 leaves blood + enters alveoli
Process of Respiration: Internal Respiration
exchange of O2 and CO2 between blood and tissues
- O2 leaves the blood + enters the tissues (gas exchange)
- CO2 leaves the tissues + enters the blood
Boyle’s Law
the pressure of a gas varies inversely with its volume
when one goes up, the other goes down, vice versa
When Atmospheric Pressure > Alveolar Pressure
Air moves into lungs (inhalation)
When Alveolar Pressure > Atmospheric pressure
Air leaves lungs (exhalation)
