Chapter 23 The Respiratory System

Question 1

Functions of the Respiratory System

Answer 1

1. Brings in oxygen (O2)
2. Removes carbon dioxide (CO2)
3. Regulates blood pH
4. Smell Receptors
5. Filters inspired air
6. Produces sounds
7. Removes excess water and heat
8. Respiratory pump

Question 2

Structural Divisions of the Respiratory System

Answer 2

1. Upper Respiratory System

2. Lower Respiratory System

Question 3

Structural Divisions of the Respiratory System: Upper Respiratory System

Answer 3

(Head)

• mouth
• nose
• nasal passages
• pharynx

Question 4

Structural Divisions of the Respiratory System: Lower Respiratory System

Answer 4

(Neck + Chest)

• Larynx
• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Lungs

Question 5

Functional Divisions of the Respiratory System

Answer 5

1. Conducting Zone Structures (no gas exchange)

2. Respiratory Zone Structures (gas exchange)

Question 6

Functional Divisions of the Respiratory System: Conducting Zone Structures

Answer 6

No gas exchange

• Nasal Passages
• Pharynx
• Larynx
• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Bronchioles- <1mm in diameter
• Terminal Bronchioles

Question 7

Functional Divisions of the Respiratory System: Respiratory Zone Structures

Answer 7

Gas Exchange

• Respiratory Bronchioles
• Alveolar Ducts
• Alveoli
• Alveolar sacs

Question 8

Structure of Respiratory Membrane

Answer 8

-0.5- 1 micrometer thick (very thin)
-750 square feet (huge surface area)
-air-blood barrier
Consists of:
1. Alveolar walls
a. Type 1 cells- produce ACE
b. Type 2 cells- produce surfactant (chemical that reduces surface tension)
2. Capillary wall
(can also have basement membrane)

Question 9

Respiration

Answer 9

to supply body with O2 and dispose CO2

Question 10

3 processes of respiration

Answer 10

1. Pulmonary Ventilation
2. External Respiration
3. Internal Respiration

Question 11

Pressures Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation

Answer 11

• Atmospheric Pressure
• Alveolar Pressure
• Intrapleural Pressure

Question 12

Pressures Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation: Atmospheric Pressure

Answer 12

pressure exerted by air surrounding the body

-760 mmHg

Question 13

Pressures Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation: Alveolar Pressure

Answer 13

pressure of the air in alveoli

-changes with phase of breathing

Question 14

Pressures Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation: Intrapleural Pressure

Answer 14

about 4 mmHg lower than alveolar pressure

Question 15

Process of Respiration: Pulmonary Ventilation

Answer 15

breathing

• Inhalation or Inspiration- intake of air
• Exhalation or Expiration- outflow of air

Question 16

Process of Respiration: External Respiration

Answer 16

exchange of O2 and CO2 between air in lungs and blood (gas exchange)

• O2 leaves alveoli and enters the blood
• CO2 leaves blood + enters alveoli

Question 17

Process of Respiration: Internal Respiration

Answer 17

exchange of O2 and CO2 between blood and tissues

• O2 leaves the blood + enters the tissues (gas exchange)
• CO2 leaves the tissues + enters the blood

Question 18

Boyle’s Law

Answer 18

the pressure of a gas varies inversely with its volume

when one goes up, the other goes down, vice versa

Question 19

When Atmospheric Pressure > Alveolar Pressure

Answer 19

Air moves into lungs (inhalation)

Question 20

When Alveolar Pressure > Atmospheric pressure

Answer 20

Air leaves lungs (exhalation)