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AP Biology > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

how an organism’s structure, physiology, and behavior meet the challenges posed by its environment

A

organismal ecology

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2
Q

analyzes factors that affect population size and how and why it changes through time

A

population ecology

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3
Q

examines how interactions between species, such as predation and competition, affect community structure and organization

A

community ecology

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4
Q

emphasizes energy flow and chemical cycling between organisms and the environment

A

ecosystem ecology

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5
Q

focuses on the factors controlling exchanges of energy, materials, and organisms across multiple ecosystems

A

landscape ecology

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6
Q

examines how the regional exchange of energy and materials influences the functioning and distribution of organisms across the biosphere

A

global ecology

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7
Q

advocates the protection of nature

A

environmentalism

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8
Q

is not an advocate, just a study of the environment

A

ecology

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9
Q

nonliving factors such as chemical and physical factors

A

abiotic factors

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10
Q

living factors, such as all the organisms that are part of the individual’s environment

A

biotic factors

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11
Q

the movement of individuals away from their area of origin of from centers of high population density

A

dispersal

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12
Q

a narrow layer of abrupt temperature change that separates the more uniformly warm upper layer from more uniformly cold deeper waters

A

thermocline

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13
Q

where the oxygenated water from a lake’s surface goes to the bottom and the nutrient rich water from the bottom to the surface

A

turnover

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14
Q

lakes that are nutrient-poor and generally oxygen rich

A

oligotrophic lake

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15
Q

a lake that’s nutrient-rich and often depleted of oxygen

A

eutrophic lake

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16
Q

inundated by water at least some of the time

A

wetlands

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17
Q

most prominent physical characteristic is their current

A

streams and rivers

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18
Q

transition area b/t river and sea

A

estuary

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19
Q

periodically submerged and exposed by the tides, twice daily on most marine shores

A

intertidal zones

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20
Q

vast realm of open blue water, constantly mixed by wind-driven oceanic currents

A

ocean pelagic zone

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21
Q

formed largely from the calcium carbonate skeletons of corals

A

coral reef

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22
Q

consists of the seafloor below the surface waters of the coastal, or neritic, zone, and the offshore, pelagic zone

A

marine benthic zone

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23
Q

number of individuals per unit area of volume

A

density

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24
Q

the pattern of spacing among individuals within the boundaries of the population

A

dispersion

25
Q

used to estimate the size of wildlife populations

A

Mark-recapture method

26
Q

grouped together where food is abundant

A

clumped

27
Q

maintained by aggressive interactions between neighbors

A

uniform

28
Q

most plants use this pattern of dispersion

A

random

29
Q

study of the vital statistics of populations and how they change over time

A

demography

30
Q

age specific summaries of the survival pattern of a population

A

life tables

31
Q

used to represent the data in a life table

A

survivorship curve

32
Q

occurs when the per capita birth and death rates are equal

A

zero population growth

33
Q

aka geometric population growth, all of the population has access to abundant food and is free to reproduce at its physiological capacity, J-shaped curve

A

exponential population growth

34
Q

the maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain

A

carrying capacity

35
Q

the per capita rate of increase, approaches zero as the carrying capacity is reached

A

logistic population growth

36
Q

study that focuses on the complex interactions between biotic and abiotic factors that cause variation in the size of populations

A

population dynamics

37
Q

formed when a number of local populations are linked and are influenced by immigration and emigration

A

metapopulation

38
Q

concept that summarizes the aggregate land and water area required by each person, city, or nation to produce all the resources it consumes and to absorb all the waste it generates; how humans affect the world biologically

A

ecological footprint

39
Q

camouflage, makes prey hard to see

A

cryptic coloration

40
Q

warning coloration

A

aposematic coloration

41
Q

harmless species mimic an unpalatable or harmful model

A

Batesian mimicry

42
Q

two or more unpalatable species resemble each other

A

mullerian mimicry

43
Q

where an organism eats a plant or alga, +/-

A

herbivory

44
Q

when two or more species live in direct and intimate contact with one another

A

symbiosis

45
Q

scientific study of the interactions between organisms and the environment

A

ecology

46
Q

a parasite obtains nourishment from its host, +/-

A

parasitism

47
Q

interactions between species benefit both participants, +/+

A

mutualism

48
Q

only one member appears to benefit from the interaction, +/0

A

commensalism

49
Q

competition

A

-/-

50
Q

species in a community that are the most abundant or have the highest biomass

A

dominant species

51
Q

organisms (typically introduced by humans) that take hold outside their native range

A

invasive species

52
Q

exert strong control on community structure because of their pivotal ecological roles

A

keystone species

53
Q

when an area that is disturbed and colonized by a variety of species is replaced by another species in a virtually lifeless area where soil has not yet formed (volcanic island)

A

primary succession

54
Q

occurs when an existing community has been cleared by some disturbance that leaves the soil intact (fire)

A

secondary succession

55
Q

disease causing microorganisms that are transferred from other animals to humans either by direct contact or by means of an intermediate species

A

zoonotic pathogens

56
Q

efforts to conserve biological diversity at all levels

A

conservation biology

57
Q

applies ecological principles to return ecosystems that have been disturbed by human activity to a condition as similar as possible to their natural state

A

restoration ecology

58
Q

one that is “in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range”

A

endangered species

59
Q

those that are considered likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future

A

threatened species

AP Biology (31 decks)

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