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AP Biology > Ch. 6 Vocab > Flashcards

Ch. 6 Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

the disruption of a cell and separation of its parts by centrifugation

A

cell fractionation

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2
Q

cellular structures carrying genetic material, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells; consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins

A

chromosomes

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3
Q

a membranous sac that helps move excess water out of certain freshwater protists

A

contractile vacuole

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4
Q

a membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction, growth, and development

A

central vacuole

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5
Q

an organelle found in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water

A

chloroplast

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6
Q

an infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses electron transport chains and molecules of the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP

A

cristae

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7
Q

a network of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments that branch throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical, transport, and signaling functions

A

cytoskeleton

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8
Q

structures in the centrosome of an animal cell composed of a cylinder of microtubule triplets arranged in a 9+0 pattern; has a pair of centrioles

A

centrioles

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9
Q

short cellular appendages containing microtubules

A

cilia

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10
Q

a protective layer external to the plasma membrane in the cells of plants, prokaryotes, fungi, and some protists

A

cell wall

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11
Q

a type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles

A

eukaryotic cell

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12
Q

an extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells, continuous with the other nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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13
Q

long cellular appendages specialized for locomotion

A

flagella

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14
Q

an organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify, store, and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum and synthesize some products, notably non-cellulose carbohydrates

A

golgi apparatus

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15
Q

a stack of membrane-bounded thylakoids in the chloroplast; function in the light reactions of photosynthesis

A

granum

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16
Q

an organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration

A

mitochondria

17
Q

the compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the citric acid cycle

A

mitochondrial matrix

18
Q

hollow rods composed of tubulin proteins that make up part of the cytoskeleton in all eukaryotic cells and is found in cilia and flagella

A

microtubules

19
Q

cables composed of actin proteins in the cytoplasm of almost every eukaryotic cell, making up part of the cytoskeleton and acting alone or with myosin to cause cell contraction; aka actin filament

A

microfilaments

20
Q

an atom’s central core, containing protons and neutrons; the chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell; a cluster of neurons

A

nucleus

21
Q

a specialized structure in the nucleus, consisting of chromatin regions containing ribosomal RNA genes along with ribosomal proteins imported from the cytoplasmic site of rRNA synthesis and ribosomal subunit assembly

A

nucleolus

22
Q

a type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles

A

prokaryotic cell

23
Q

a type of endocytosis in which large particulate substances are taken up by a cell; carried out by some protists and by certain immune cells of animals

A

phagocytosis

24
Q

cellular extensions of amoeboid cells used in moving and feeding

A

pseudopodia

25
Q

the dense fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water

A

stroma

26
Q

flattened membranous sacs inside a chloroplast; exist in an interconnected system in the chloroplast and contain the molecular “machinery” used to convert light energy to chemical energy

A

thylakoids

27
Q

the semifluid portion of the cytoplasm

A

cytosol

AP Biology (31 decks)

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