Ch. 29 Vocab

Question 1

an alignment of cytoskeletal elements and Golgi-derived vesicles that forms across the midline of a dividing plant cell

Answer 1

phragmoplast

Question 2

a durable polymer that covers exposed zygotes of charophyte algae and forms the walls of plant spores, preventing them from drying out

Answer 2

sporopollenin

Question 3

in organisms that have alteration of generations, the multicellular haploid form that produces haploid gametes by mitosis; haploid gametes unite and develop into sporophytes

Answer 3

gametophyte

Question 4

in organisms that have alteration of generations, the multicellular diploid form that results from the union of gametes; produced haploid spores by meiosis that develop into gametophytes

Answer 4

sporophyte

Question 5

a plant cell that enhances the transfer of nutrients from parent to embryo

Answer 5

placental transfer cells

Question 6

a multicellular organ in fungi and plants in which meiosis occurs and haploid cells develop

Answer 6

sporangia

Question 7

multicellular plant structure in which gametes are formed

Answer 7

gametangia

Question 8

embryonic plant tissue in the tips of roots and the buds of shoots; its dividing cells enable the plant to grow in length

Answer 8

apical meristems

Question 9

a waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that acts as an adaptation that prevents desiccation in terrestrial plants

Answer 9

cuticle

Question 10

plant tissue consisting of cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body

Answer 10

vascular tissue

Question 11

a plant with vascular tissue; includes all living plant species except mosses, liverworts, and hornworts

Answer 11

vascular plants

Question 12

an informal name for a moss, liverwort, or hornwort; a nonvascular plant that lives on land but lacks some of the terrestrial adaptations of vascular of plants

Answer 12

bryophytes

Question 13

an informal name for a member of the phylum Lycophyta, which includes club mosses, spike mosses, and quillworts

Answer 13

lycophytes

Question 14

an informal name for a member of the phylum Pterophyta, which includes ferns, horsetails, and whisk ferns and their relatives

Answer 14

pterophytes

Question 15

an informal name for a plant that has vascular tissue but lacks seeds

Answer 15

seedless vascular plants

Question 16

a group of organisms that share the same level of organizational complexity or share a key adaptation

Answer 16

grade

Question 17

an adaptation of some terrestrial plants consisting of an embryo packaged along with a store of food within a protective coat

Answer 17

seed

Question 18

a vascular plant that bears naked seeds-seeds not enclosed in specialized chambers

Answer 18

gymnosperms

Question 19

a flowering plant, which forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary

Answer 19

angiosperms

Question 20

a small herbaceous nonvascular plant that is a member of the phylum Anthocerophyta

Answer 20

hornworts

Question 21

a small herbaceous nonvascular plant that is a member of the phylum Hepatophyta

Answer 21

liverworts

Question 22

a small herbaceous nonvascular plant that is a member of the phylum Bryophyta

Answer 22

mosses

Question 23

a mass of green, branched, one-cell thick filaments produced by germinating moss spores

Answer 23

protonema

Question 24

a long, tubular single cell or filament of cells that anchors bryophytes to the ground

Answer 24

rhizoids

Question 25

the portion of a bryophyte sporophyte that gathers sugars, amino acids, water, and minerals from the parent gametophyte via transfer cells

Answer 25

foot

Question 26

the elongated stalk of a bryophyte sporophyte

Answer 26

seta

Question 27

the sporangium of a bryophyte

Answer 27

capsule

Question 28

a ring of interlocking, tooth-like structures on the upper part of a moss capsule, often specialized for gradual spore discharge

Answer 28

peristome

Question 29

a microscopic pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems that allows gas exchange between the environment and the interior of the plant

Answer 29

stomata

Question 30

vascular plant tissue consisting mainly of tubular dead cells that conduct most of the water and minerals upward from the roots to the rest of the plant

Answer 30

xylem

Question 31

a long, tapered water conducting cell found in the xylem of nearly all vascular plants

Answer 31

tracheid

Question 32

a hard material embedded in the cellulose matrix of vascular plant cell walls that provides structural support in terrestrial species

Answer 32

lignin

Question 33

vascular plant tissue consisting of living cells arranged into elongated tubes that transport sugar and other organic nutrients throughout the plant

Answer 33

phloem

Question 34

an organ in vascular plants that anchors the plant and enables it to absorb water and minerals from the soil

Answer 34

roots

Question 35

the main photosynthetic organ of vascular plants

Answer 35

leaves

Question 36

in lycophytes, a small leaf with a single unbranched vein

Answer 36

microphylls

Question 37

a leaf with a highly branched vascular system, characteristic of the vast majority of vascular plants

Answer 37

megaphylls

Question 38

a modified lead that bears sporangia and hence is specialized for reproduction

Answer 38

sporophylls

Question 39

a cluster of sporangia on a fern sporophyll; may be arranged in various patterns, such as parallel lines or dots

Answer 39

sori

Question 40

the technical term for a cluster of sporophylls known commonly as a cone, found in most gymnosperms and some seedless vascular plants

Answer 40

strobili

Question 41

referring to a plant species that has a single kind of spore, which typically develops into a bisexual gametophyte

Answer 41

homosporous

Question 42

referring to a plant species that has two kinds of spores: microspores (male gametophytes) and megaspores (female gametophytes)

Answer 42

heterosporous

Question 43

a spore form a heterosporous plant species that develops into a female gametophyte

Answer 43

megaspores

Question 44

an organelle containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide

Answer 44

peroxisome