Ch. 29 Vocab Flashcards
an alignment of cytoskeletal elements and Golgi-derived vesicles that forms across the midline of a dividing plant cell
phragmoplast
a durable polymer that covers exposed zygotes of charophyte algae and forms the walls of plant spores, preventing them from drying out
sporopollenin
in organisms that have alteration of generations, the multicellular haploid form that produces haploid gametes by mitosis; haploid gametes unite and develop into sporophytes
gametophyte
in organisms that have alteration of generations, the multicellular diploid form that results from the union of gametes; produced haploid spores by meiosis that develop into gametophytes
sporophyte
a plant cell that enhances the transfer of nutrients from parent to embryo
placental transfer cells
a multicellular organ in fungi and plants in which meiosis occurs and haploid cells develop
sporangia
multicellular plant structure in which gametes are formed
gametangia
embryonic plant tissue in the tips of roots and the buds of shoots; its dividing cells enable the plant to grow in length
apical meristems
a waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that acts as an adaptation that prevents desiccation in terrestrial plants
cuticle
plant tissue consisting of cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body
vascular tissue
a plant with vascular tissue; includes all living plant species except mosses, liverworts, and hornworts
vascular plants
an informal name for a moss, liverwort, or hornwort; a nonvascular plant that lives on land but lacks some of the terrestrial adaptations of vascular of plants
bryophytes
an informal name for a member of the phylum Lycophyta, which includes club mosses, spike mosses, and quillworts
lycophytes
an informal name for a member of the phylum Pterophyta, which includes ferns, horsetails, and whisk ferns and their relatives
pterophytes
an informal name for a plant that has vascular tissue but lacks seeds
seedless vascular plants
a group of organisms that share the same level of organizational complexity or share a key adaptation
grade
an adaptation of some terrestrial plants consisting of an embryo packaged along with a store of food within a protective coat
seed
a vascular plant that bears naked seeds-seeds not enclosed in specialized chambers
gymnosperms
a flowering plant, which forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary
angiosperms
a small herbaceous nonvascular plant that is a member of the phylum Anthocerophyta
hornworts
a small herbaceous nonvascular plant that is a member of the phylum Hepatophyta
liverworts
a small herbaceous nonvascular plant that is a member of the phylum Bryophyta
mosses
a mass of green, branched, one-cell thick filaments produced by germinating moss spores
protonema
a long, tubular single cell or filament of cells that anchors bryophytes to the ground
rhizoids
the portion of a bryophyte sporophyte that gathers sugars, amino acids, water, and minerals from the parent gametophyte via transfer cells
foot
the elongated stalk of a bryophyte sporophyte
seta
the sporangium of a bryophyte
capsule
a ring of interlocking, tooth-like structures on the upper part of a moss capsule, often specialized for gradual spore discharge
peristome
a microscopic pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems that allows gas exchange between the environment and the interior of the plant
stomata
vascular plant tissue consisting mainly of tubular dead cells that conduct most of the water and minerals upward from the roots to the rest of the plant
xylem
a long, tapered water conducting cell found in the xylem of nearly all vascular plants
tracheid
a hard material embedded in the cellulose matrix of vascular plant cell walls that provides structural support in terrestrial species
lignin
vascular plant tissue consisting of living cells arranged into elongated tubes that transport sugar and other organic nutrients throughout the plant
phloem
an organ in vascular plants that anchors the plant and enables it to absorb water and minerals from the soil
roots
the main photosynthetic organ of vascular plants
leaves
in lycophytes, a small leaf with a single unbranched vein
microphylls
a leaf with a highly branched vascular system, characteristic of the vast majority of vascular plants
megaphylls
a modified lead that bears sporangia and hence is specialized for reproduction
sporophylls
a cluster of sporangia on a fern sporophyll; may be arranged in various patterns, such as parallel lines or dots
sori
the technical term for a cluster of sporophylls known commonly as a cone, found in most gymnosperms and some seedless vascular plants
strobili
referring to a plant species that has a single kind of spore, which typically develops into a bisexual gametophyte
homosporous
referring to a plant species that has two kinds of spores: microspores (male gametophytes) and megaspores (female gametophytes)
heterosporous
a spore form a heterosporous plant species that develops into a female gametophyte
megaspores
an organelle containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide
peroxisome
