Ch. 10 Vocab

Question 1

Place where carbon dioxide is first incorporated into organic intermediates before it enters the Calvin cycle

Answer 1

CAM pathway

Question 2

An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms are substances derived from other organisms

Answer 2

Autotrophs

Question 3

In C4 plants, a type of loosely arranged photosynthetic cell located between the bundle sheath in the leaf surface

Answer 3

Mesophyll cell

Question 4

An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or substances derived from them

Answer 4

Heterotroph

Question 5

In C4 plants, a type of photosynthetic cell arranged into tightly packed sheets around the veins of a leaf

Answer 5

Bundle-sheath cell

Question 6

A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants and algae and in the membranes of certain prokaryotes

Answer 6

Chlorophyll

Question 7

The ground tissue of a leaf, sandwiched between the upper and lower epidermis and specialized for photosynthesis

Answer 7

Mesophyll

Question 8

A plant in which the Calvin cycle is preceded by reactions that incorporate CO2 into a four-carbon compound, the end product of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin cycle

Answer 8

C4 plants

Question 9

A micro microscopic pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems that allow gas exchange between the environment and the interior of the plant

Answer 9

Stoma (plural: stomata)

Question 10

A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen and ATP, releases carbon dioxide, and decreases photosynthetic output.

Answer 10

Photorespiration

Question 11

A plant that uses the Calvin cycle for the initial steps that incorporate CO2 into organic material, forming a three – carbon compound as the first stable intermediate

Answer 11

C3 plants

Question 12

Within the chloroplast, the dance fluid of the quarter past around in the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide in water

Answer 12

Stroma

Question 13

A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only one photosystem I in that produces ATP but not NADPH or O2

Answer 13

Cyclic electron flow

Question 14

A flattened membranous sac inside a chloroplast

Answer 14

Thylakoid

Question 15

A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems (I and II) and produces ATP, NADPH, and O2. The net electron flow is from H2O to NADP+

Answer 15

Linear electron flow

Question 16

A stack of membrane – bounded thylakoids in the chloroplast

Answer 16

Granum (plural: grana)

Question 17

One of two light capturing units in a chloroplast’s thylakoid membrane or in the membrane of some prokaryotes; it has two molecules of P680 chlorophyll a at its reaction center

Answer 17

Photosystem II

Question 18

The first of two major stages in the photosynthesis (preceding the Calvin cycle). these reactions, which occur in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast or on the membranes of certain prokaryotes, convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH, releasing oxygen in the process

Answer 18

Light reactions

Question 19

One of two light capturing units in a chloroplast’s thylakoid membrane or in the membrane of some prokaryotes; it has to molecules of P700 chlorophyll a at its reaction center

Answer 19

Photosystem I

Question 20

The second of two major stages of photosynthesis (following the light reactions), involving fixation of atmospheric CO2 and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate

Answer 20

Calvin cycle

Question 21

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, electron acceptor that, as NADPH, temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions

Answer 21

NADP+

Question 22

A light capturing unit located in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast or in the membrane of some prokaryotes, consisting of a reaction center complex surrounded by numerous light harvesting complexes

Answer 22

Photosystem

Question 23

The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton motive force generated across the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast or the membrane of certain prokaryotes during the light reactions of photosynthesis

Answer 23

Photophosphorylation

Question 24

And accessory pigment, either yellow or orange, in the chloroplasts of plants and in some prokaryotes

Answer 24

Carotenoids

Question 25

The initial incorporation of carbon from CO2 into a organic compound by an autotrophic organism (a plant, another photosynthetic organism, or a chemoautotrophic prokaryote)

Answer 25

Carbon fixation

Question 26

An accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll a

Answer 26

Chlorophyll b

Question 27

The distance between crests and waves, such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 27

Wavelength

Question 28

The entire spectrum of electromagnetic radiation ranging in wavelength from less than a nanometer to more than a kilometer

Answer 28

Electromagnetic spectrum

Question 29

A photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions, which converts solar energy to chemical energy

Answer 29

Chlorophyll a

Question 30

The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be detected as various colors by the human eye, ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm

Answer 30

Visible light

Question 31

A graph that profiles the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of radiation in driving a particular process

Answer 31

Action spectrum

Question 32

A quantum, or discrete quantity, of light energy that behaves as if it were a particle

Answer 32

Photons

Question 33

The range of a pigment’s ability to absorb various wavelengths of light; also a graph of such a range

Answer 33

Absorption spectrum

Question 34

An instrument that measures the proportions of light a different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution

Answer 34

Spectrophotometer

Question 35

The conversion of light energy to chemical energy that is stored in sugars or other organic compounds; occurs in plants, algae, and certain prokaryotes

Answer 35

Photosynthesis