Ch. 10 Vocab Flashcards
Place where carbon dioxide is first incorporated into organic intermediates before it enters the Calvin cycle
CAM pathway
An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms are substances derived from other organisms
Autotrophs
In C4 plants, a type of loosely arranged photosynthetic cell located between the bundle sheath in the leaf surface
Mesophyll cell
An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or substances derived from them
Heterotroph
In C4 plants, a type of photosynthetic cell arranged into tightly packed sheets around the veins of a leaf
Bundle-sheath cell
A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants and algae and in the membranes of certain prokaryotes
Chlorophyll
The ground tissue of a leaf, sandwiched between the upper and lower epidermis and specialized for photosynthesis
Mesophyll
A plant in which the Calvin cycle is preceded by reactions that incorporate CO2 into a four-carbon compound, the end product of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin cycle
C4 plants
A micro microscopic pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems that allow gas exchange between the environment and the interior of the plant
Stoma (plural: stomata)
A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen and ATP, releases carbon dioxide, and decreases photosynthetic output.
Photorespiration
A plant that uses the Calvin cycle for the initial steps that incorporate CO2 into organic material, forming a three – carbon compound as the first stable intermediate
C3 plants
Within the chloroplast, the dance fluid of the quarter past around in the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide in water
Stroma
A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only one photosystem I in that produces ATP but not NADPH or O2
Cyclic electron flow
A flattened membranous sac inside a chloroplast
Thylakoid
A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems (I and II) and produces ATP, NADPH, and O2. The net electron flow is from H2O to NADP+
Linear electron flow
A stack of membrane – bounded thylakoids in the chloroplast
Granum (plural: grana)
One of two light capturing units in a chloroplast’s thylakoid membrane or in the membrane of some prokaryotes; it has two molecules of P680 chlorophyll a at its reaction center
Photosystem II
The first of two major stages in the photosynthesis (preceding the Calvin cycle). these reactions, which occur in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast or on the membranes of certain prokaryotes, convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH, releasing oxygen in the process
Light reactions
One of two light capturing units in a chloroplast’s thylakoid membrane or in the membrane of some prokaryotes; it has to molecules of P700 chlorophyll a at its reaction center
Photosystem I
The second of two major stages of photosynthesis (following the light reactions), involving fixation of atmospheric CO2 and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate
Calvin cycle
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, electron acceptor that, as NADPH, temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions
NADP+
A light capturing unit located in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast or in the membrane of some prokaryotes, consisting of a reaction center complex surrounded by numerous light harvesting complexes
Photosystem
The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton motive force generated across the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast or the membrane of certain prokaryotes during the light reactions of photosynthesis
Photophosphorylation
And accessory pigment, either yellow or orange, in the chloroplasts of plants and in some prokaryotes
Carotenoids
The initial incorporation of carbon from CO2 into a organic compound by an autotrophic organism (a plant, another photosynthetic organism, or a chemoautotrophic prokaryote)
Carbon fixation
An accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll b
The distance between crests and waves, such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum
Wavelength
The entire spectrum of electromagnetic radiation ranging in wavelength from less than a nanometer to more than a kilometer
Electromagnetic spectrum
A photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions, which converts solar energy to chemical energy
Chlorophyll a
The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be detected as various colors by the human eye, ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm
Visible light
A graph that profiles the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of radiation in driving a particular process
Action spectrum
A quantum, or discrete quantity, of light energy that behaves as if it were a particle
Photons
The range of a pigment’s ability to absorb various wavelengths of light; also a graph of such a range
Absorption spectrum
An instrument that measures the proportions of light a different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution
Spectrophotometer
The conversion of light energy to chemical energy that is stored in sugars or other organic compounds; occurs in plants, algae, and certain prokaryotes
Photosynthesis
