Ch. 6 Vocab Flashcards
A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles
Eukaryotic cell
A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles
Prokaryotic cell
The disruption of a cell and separation of its parts by centrifugation
Cell fractionation
(1) an atoms central core, containing protons and neutrons
(2) the chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell
(3) a cluster of neutrons
Nucleus
A specialized structure in the nucleus, consisting of chromatin regions containing ribosomal RNA genes along with ribosomal proteins imported from the cytoplasmic site of RNA synthesis and ribosomal subunit assembly
Nucleolus
A cellular structure carrying genetic material, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
Chromosomes
An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells, continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify, store, and route products of the ER and synthesize some products, notably noncellulose carbohydrates
Golgi apparatus
A type of endocytosis in which large particulate substances are taken up by a cell.
Phagocytosis
A membranouse sac that helps move excess water out of certain freshwater protists
Contractile vacuole
A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction, growth, and development
Central vacuole
An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration
Mitochondria
An organelle found in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it drive the synthesis of organic compunds from carbon dioxide and water
Chloroplasts
An unfolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses electron transport chains and molecules of the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP
Cristae
The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the citric acid cycle
Mitochondrial matrix
A flattened membranous sac inside a chloroplast
Thylakoids
A stack of membrane bounded thylakoids in the chloroplast
Granum
Within the chloroplast, the dense fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water
Stroma
A network of microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments that branch throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical, transport, and signaling functions
Cytoskeleton
A hollow rod composed of tubulin proteins that make up part of the cytoskeleton in all eukaryotic cells and is found in cilia and flagella
Microtubule
A structure in the centrosome of an animal cell composed of a cylinder of microtubule triplets arranged in a 9+0 pattern
Centrioles
A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion
Flagella
A short cellular appendage containing microtubules
Cilia
A cable composed of actin proteins in the cytoplasm of almost every eukaryotic cell, making a part of the cytoskeleton and acting alone or with myosin to cause cell contraction; also known as an actin filament
Microfilament
A cellular extension of amoeboid cells used in moving and feeding
Psuedopodia
A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in the cells of plants, prokaryotes, fungi, and some protists.
Cell wall
The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm
Cytosol
