Ch. 6 Vocab

Question 1

A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles

Answer 1

Eukaryotic cell

Question 2

A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles

Answer 2

Prokaryotic cell

Question 3

The disruption of a cell and separation of its parts by centrifugation

Answer 3

Cell fractionation

Question 4

(1) an atoms central core, containing protons and neutrons
(2) the chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell
(3) a cluster of neutrons

Answer 4

Nucleus

Question 5

A specialized structure in the nucleus, consisting of chromatin regions containing ribosomal RNA genes along with ribosomal proteins imported from the cytoplasmic site of RNA synthesis and ribosomal subunit assembly

Answer 5

Nucleolus

Question 6

A cellular structure carrying genetic material, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

Answer 6

Chromosomes

Question 7

An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells, continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions

Answer 7

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Question 8

An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify, store, and route products of the ER and synthesize some products, notably noncellulose carbohydrates

Answer 8

Golgi apparatus

Question 9

A type of endocytosis in which large particulate substances are taken up by a cell.

Answer 9

Phagocytosis

Question 10

A membranouse sac that helps move excess water out of certain freshwater protists

Answer 10

Contractile vacuole

Question 11

A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction, growth, and development

Answer 11

Central vacuole

Question 12

An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration

Answer 12

Mitochondria

Question 13

An organelle found in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it drive the synthesis of organic compunds from carbon dioxide and water

Answer 13

Chloroplasts

Question 14

An unfolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses electron transport chains and molecules of the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP

Answer 14

Cristae

Question 15

The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the citric acid cycle

Answer 15

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 16

A flattened membranous sac inside a chloroplast

Answer 16

Thylakoids

Question 17

A stack of membrane bounded thylakoids in the chloroplast

Answer 17

Granum

Question 18

Within the chloroplast, the dense fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water

Answer 18

Stroma

Question 19

A network of microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments that branch throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical, transport, and signaling functions

Answer 19

Cytoskeleton

Question 20

A hollow rod composed of tubulin proteins that make up part of the cytoskeleton in all eukaryotic cells and is found in cilia and flagella

Answer 20

Microtubule

Question 21

A structure in the centrosome of an animal cell composed of a cylinder of microtubule triplets arranged in a 9+0 pattern

Answer 21

Centrioles

Question 22

A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion

Answer 22

Flagella

Question 23

A short cellular appendage containing microtubules

Answer 23

Cilia

Question 24

A cable composed of actin proteins in the cytoplasm of almost every eukaryotic cell, making a part of the cytoskeleton and acting alone or with myosin to cause cell contraction; also known as an actin filament

Answer 24

Microfilament

Question 25

A cellular extension of amoeboid cells used in moving and feeding

Answer 25

Psuedopodia

Question 26

A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in the cells of plants, prokaryotes, fungi, and some protists.

Answer 26

Cell wall

Question 27

The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm

Answer 27

Cytosol