Ch. 24 Vocab

Question 1

evolutionary change below the species level

Answer 1

microevolution

Question 2

evolutionary change above the species level, including the origin of a new group of organisms or a shift in the broad pattern of evolutionary change over a long period of time

Answer 2

macroevolution

Question 3

definition of a species as a population or group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring, but do not produce viable, fertile offspring with members of other such groups

Answer 3

biological species concept

Question 4

a population or groups of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring, but do not produce viable, fertile offspring with members of other such groups

Answer 4

species

Question 5

the existence of biological factors that impede members of two species from producing viable, fertile offspring

Answer 5

reproductive isolation

Question 6

offspring that results from the mating of individuals from two different species or two true-breeding varieties of the same species

Answer 6

hybrids

Question 7

a reproductive barrier that impedes mating between species or hinders fertilization if interspecific mating is attempted

Answer 7

prezygotic barriers

Question 8

a reproductive barrier that prevents hybrid zygotes produced by two different species from developing into viable, fertile adults

Answer 8

postzygotic barriers

Question 9

a definition of species in terms of measurable anatomical criteria

Answer 9

morphological species concept

Question 10

a definition of species in terms of ecological niche, the sum of how members of the species interact with the nonliving and living parts of the environment

Answer 10

ecological species concept

Question 11

a definition of species as the smallest group of individuals that share a common ancestor, forming one branch on the tree of life

Answer 11

phylogenetic species concept

Question 12

the formation of new species in populations that are geographically isolated from one another

Answer 12

allopatric speciation

Question 13

a chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets

Answer 13

polyploidy

Question 14

an individual that has more than two chromosome sets that are all derived from a single species

Answer 14

autopolyploidy

Question 15

a fertile individual that has more than two chromosome sets as a result of two different species interbreeding and combining their chromosomes

Answer 15

allopolyploidy

Question 16

a geographic region in which members of different species meet and mate, producing at least some offspring of mixed ancestry

Answer 16

hybrid zone

Question 17

a process in which natural selection strengthens prezygotic barriers to reproduction, thus reducing the chances of hybrid formation

Answer 17

reinforcement

Question 18

in the fossil record, long periods of apparent stasis, in which a species undergoes little or no morphological change, interrupted by relatively brief periods of sudden change

Answer 18

punctuated equilibria

Question 19

an evolutionary process in which one species splits into two or more species

Answer 19

speciation