Ch. 31 Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

one of many connected filaments that collectively make up the mycelium of a fungus

A

hyphae

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2
Q

a structural polysaccharide, consisting of amino sugar monomers, found in many fungal cell walls and in the exoskeletons of all arthropods

A

chitin

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3
Q

the dense,y branched network of hyphae in a fungus

A

mycelium

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4
Q

one of the cross-walls that divide a fungal hypha into cells; generally have pores large enough to allow ribosomes, mitochondria, and even nuclei to flow from cell to cell

A

septa

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5
Q

in certain symbiotic fungi, a specialized hypha that can penetrate the tissues of host organisms

A

haustoria

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6
Q

a mutualistic association of plant roots and fungus

A

mycorrhizae

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7
Q

symbiotic fungi that form sheaths of hyphae over the surface of plant roots and also grows into extracellular spaces of the root cortex

A

ectomycorrhizal fungi

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8
Q

a symbiotic fungus whose hyphae grow through the cell wall of plant roots and extend into the root cell

A

arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

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9
Q

in animals and fungi, a small molecule released into the environment that functions in communication between members of the same species

A

pheromones

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10
Q

the fusion of the cytoplasm of cells from two individuals

A

plasmogamy

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11
Q

a fungal mycelium that contains two or more haploid nuclei per cell

A

heterokaryon

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12
Q

referring to a fungal mycelium with two haploid nuclei per cell, one from each parent

A

dikaryotic

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13
Q

the fusion of two nuclei, as part of syngamy

A

karyogamy

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14
Q

informal term for a fungus that grows as a filamentous fungus, producing haploid spores by mitosis and forming a visible mycelium

A

molds

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15
Q

traditional classification for a fungus with no known sexual stage

A

deuteromycetes

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16
Q

member of the diverse clade Opisthokonta, organisms that descended from an ancestor with a posterior flagellum, including fungi, animals, and certain protists

A

opisthokonts

17
Q

member of a group of unicellular, amoebid protists that are more closely related to fungi than they are to other protists

A

nucleariids

18
Q

member of the fungal phylum Chytridiomycota, mostly aquatic fungi with flagellated zoospores that represent an early diverging fungal lineage

A

chytrids

19
Q

member of the fungal phylum Zygomycota, characterized by the formation of a sturdy structure called a zygosporangium during sexual reproduction

A

zygomycetes

20
Q

in zygomycete fungi, a sturdy multinucleate structure in which karyogamy and meiosis occur

A

zygosporangium

21
Q

member of the fungal phylum Glomeromycota, characterized by a distinct branching form of mycorrhizae called arbuscular mycorrhizae

A

glomeromycetes

22
Q

member of the fungal phylum Ascomycota, commonly called sac fungus

A

ascomycetes

23
Q

the fruiting body of a sac fungus

A

ascocarps

24
Q

saclike structure in which the spores develop

A

sac fungi

25
Q

a haploid spore produced at the tip of a specialized hypha in ascomycetes during asexual reproduction

A

conidia

26
Q

member of the fungal phylum Basidiomycota, commonly called club fungus

A

basidiomycetes

27
Q

another name for basidiomycetes; comes from the club-like shape of the basidium

A

club fungus

28
Q

elaborate fruiting body of a dikaryotic mycelium of a club fungus

A

basidiocarps

29
Q

a fungus that lives inside a leaf or other plant without causing harm to the plant

A

endophytes

30
Q

the symbiotic collective formed by the mutualistic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic alga or cyanobacterium

A

lichen

31
Q

single-celled fungus that reproduces asexually by binary fission or by the pinching of small buds off a parent cell

A

yeasts