Ch. 31 Vocab

Question 1

one of many connected filaments that collectively make up the mycelium of a fungus

Answer 1

hyphae

Question 2

a structural polysaccharide, consisting of amino sugar monomers, found in many fungal cell walls and in the exoskeletons of all arthropods

Answer 2

chitin

Question 3

the dense,y branched network of hyphae in a fungus

Answer 3

mycelium

Question 4

one of the cross-walls that divide a fungal hypha into cells; generally have pores large enough to allow ribosomes, mitochondria, and even nuclei to flow from cell to cell

Answer 4

septa

Question 5

in certain symbiotic fungi, a specialized hypha that can penetrate the tissues of host organisms

Answer 5

haustoria

Question 6

a mutualistic association of plant roots and fungus

Answer 6

mycorrhizae

Question 7

symbiotic fungi that form sheaths of hyphae over the surface of plant roots and also grows into extracellular spaces of the root cortex

Answer 7

ectomycorrhizal fungi

Question 8

a symbiotic fungus whose hyphae grow through the cell wall of plant roots and extend into the root cell

Answer 8

arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Question 9

in animals and fungi, a small molecule released into the environment that functions in communication between members of the same species

Answer 9

pheromones

Question 10

the fusion of the cytoplasm of cells from two individuals

Answer 10

plasmogamy

Question 11

a fungal mycelium that contains two or more haploid nuclei per cell

Answer 11

heterokaryon

Question 12

referring to a fungal mycelium with two haploid nuclei per cell, one from each parent

Answer 12

dikaryotic

Question 13

the fusion of two nuclei, as part of syngamy

Answer 13

karyogamy

Question 14

informal term for a fungus that grows as a filamentous fungus, producing haploid spores by mitosis and forming a visible mycelium

Answer 14

molds

Question 15

traditional classification for a fungus with no known sexual stage

Answer 15

deuteromycetes

Question 16

member of the diverse clade Opisthokonta, organisms that descended from an ancestor with a posterior flagellum, including fungi, animals, and certain protists

Answer 16

opisthokonts

Question 17

member of a group of unicellular, amoebid protists that are more closely related to fungi than they are to other protists

Answer 17

nucleariids

Question 18

member of the fungal phylum Chytridiomycota, mostly aquatic fungi with flagellated zoospores that represent an early diverging fungal lineage

Answer 18

chytrids

Question 19

member of the fungal phylum Zygomycota, characterized by the formation of a sturdy structure called a zygosporangium during sexual reproduction

Answer 19

zygomycetes

Question 20

in zygomycete fungi, a sturdy multinucleate structure in which karyogamy and meiosis occur

Answer 20

zygosporangium

Question 21

member of the fungal phylum Glomeromycota, characterized by a distinct branching form of mycorrhizae called arbuscular mycorrhizae

Answer 21

glomeromycetes

Question 22

member of the fungal phylum Ascomycota, commonly called sac fungus

Answer 22

ascomycetes

Question 23

the fruiting body of a sac fungus

Answer 23

ascocarps

Question 24

saclike structure in which the spores develop

Answer 24

sac fungi

Question 25

a haploid spore produced at the tip of a specialized hypha in ascomycetes during asexual reproduction

Answer 25

conidia

Question 26

member of the fungal phylum Basidiomycota, commonly called club fungus

Answer 26

basidiomycetes

Question 27

another name for basidiomycetes; comes from the club-like shape of the basidium

Answer 27

club fungus

Question 28

elaborate fruiting body of a dikaryotic mycelium of a club fungus

Answer 28

basidiocarps

Question 29

a fungus that lives inside a leaf or other plant without causing harm to the plant

Answer 29

endophytes

Question 30

the symbiotic collective formed by the mutualistic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic alga or cyanobacterium

Answer 30

lichen

Question 31

single-celled fungus that reproduces asexually by binary fission or by the pinching of small buds off a parent cell

Answer 31

yeasts