Ch. 31 Vocab Flashcards
one of many connected filaments that collectively make up the mycelium of a fungus
hyphae
a structural polysaccharide, consisting of amino sugar monomers, found in many fungal cell walls and in the exoskeletons of all arthropods
chitin
the dense,y branched network of hyphae in a fungus
mycelium
one of the cross-walls that divide a fungal hypha into cells; generally have pores large enough to allow ribosomes, mitochondria, and even nuclei to flow from cell to cell
septa
in certain symbiotic fungi, a specialized hypha that can penetrate the tissues of host organisms
haustoria
a mutualistic association of plant roots and fungus
mycorrhizae
symbiotic fungi that form sheaths of hyphae over the surface of plant roots and also grows into extracellular spaces of the root cortex
ectomycorrhizal fungi
a symbiotic fungus whose hyphae grow through the cell wall of plant roots and extend into the root cell
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
in animals and fungi, a small molecule released into the environment that functions in communication between members of the same species
pheromones
the fusion of the cytoplasm of cells from two individuals
plasmogamy
a fungal mycelium that contains two or more haploid nuclei per cell
heterokaryon
referring to a fungal mycelium with two haploid nuclei per cell, one from each parent
dikaryotic
the fusion of two nuclei, as part of syngamy
karyogamy
informal term for a fungus that grows as a filamentous fungus, producing haploid spores by mitosis and forming a visible mycelium
molds
traditional classification for a fungus with no known sexual stage
deuteromycetes