Ch. 31 Vocab Flashcards
one of many connected filaments that collectively make up the mycelium of a fungus
hyphae
a structural polysaccharide, consisting of amino sugar monomers, found in many fungal cell walls and in the exoskeletons of all arthropods
chitin
the dense,y branched network of hyphae in a fungus
mycelium
one of the cross-walls that divide a fungal hypha into cells; generally have pores large enough to allow ribosomes, mitochondria, and even nuclei to flow from cell to cell
septa
in certain symbiotic fungi, a specialized hypha that can penetrate the tissues of host organisms
haustoria
a mutualistic association of plant roots and fungus
mycorrhizae
symbiotic fungi that form sheaths of hyphae over the surface of plant roots and also grows into extracellular spaces of the root cortex
ectomycorrhizal fungi
a symbiotic fungus whose hyphae grow through the cell wall of plant roots and extend into the root cell
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
in animals and fungi, a small molecule released into the environment that functions in communication between members of the same species
pheromones
the fusion of the cytoplasm of cells from two individuals
plasmogamy
a fungal mycelium that contains two or more haploid nuclei per cell
heterokaryon
referring to a fungal mycelium with two haploid nuclei per cell, one from each parent
dikaryotic
the fusion of two nuclei, as part of syngamy
karyogamy
informal term for a fungus that grows as a filamentous fungus, producing haploid spores by mitosis and forming a visible mycelium
molds
traditional classification for a fungus with no known sexual stage
deuteromycetes
member of the diverse clade Opisthokonta, organisms that descended from an ancestor with a posterior flagellum, including fungi, animals, and certain protists
opisthokonts
member of a group of unicellular, amoebid protists that are more closely related to fungi than they are to other protists
nucleariids
member of the fungal phylum Chytridiomycota, mostly aquatic fungi with flagellated zoospores that represent an early diverging fungal lineage
chytrids
member of the fungal phylum Zygomycota, characterized by the formation of a sturdy structure called a zygosporangium during sexual reproduction
zygomycetes
in zygomycete fungi, a sturdy multinucleate structure in which karyogamy and meiosis occur
zygosporangium
member of the fungal phylum Glomeromycota, characterized by a distinct branching form of mycorrhizae called arbuscular mycorrhizae
glomeromycetes
member of the fungal phylum Ascomycota, commonly called sac fungus
ascomycetes
the fruiting body of a sac fungus
ascocarps
saclike structure in which the spores develop
sac fungi
a haploid spore produced at the tip of a specialized hypha in ascomycetes during asexual reproduction
conidia
member of the fungal phylum Basidiomycota, commonly called club fungus
basidiomycetes
another name for basidiomycetes; comes from the club-like shape of the basidium
club fungus
elaborate fruiting body of a dikaryotic mycelium of a club fungus
basidiocarps
a fungus that lives inside a leaf or other plant without causing harm to the plant
endophytes
the symbiotic collective formed by the mutualistic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic alga or cyanobacterium
lichen
single-celled fungus that reproduces asexually by binary fission or by the pinching of small buds off a parent cell
yeasts
