Ch. 19 Vocab Flashcards
a membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome
viral envelopes
a virus that infects bacteria; aka a phage
bacteriophages
the limited range of host cells that each type of virus can infect
host range
a phage that reproduces only by a lytic cycle
virulent phage
an endonuclease that recognizes and cuts DNA molecules foreign to a bacterium
restriction enzymes
a type of phage reproductive cycle resulting in the release of new phages by lysis of the host cell
lytic cycle
a phage that is capable of reproducing by either a lytic or lysogenic cycle
temperate phage
a type of phage reproductive cycle in which the viral genome becomes incorporated into the bacterial host chromosome as a prophage and doesn’t kill the host
lysogenic cycle
a phage genome that has been inserted into a specific site on a bacterial chromosome
prophage
an RNA virus that reproduces by transcribing its RNA into DNA and then inserting the DNA into a cellular chromosome
retroviruses
an enzyme encoded by certain viruses that uses RNA as a template for DNA synthesis
reverse transcriptase
the infectious agent (retrovirus) that causes AIDS
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)
the symptoms and signs present during the late stages of HIV infection, defined by a specified reduction in the number of T cells and the appearance of characteristic secondary infections
AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
a general outbreak of a disease
epidemics
a harmless variant or derivative of a pathogen that stimulates a host’s immune system to mount defenses against the pathogen
vaccine
