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Hugh's MD1 Neuro > Development of the Nervous system > Flashcards

Development of the Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the radial glia in development?

A

Act as a scaffold for the developing neurons

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1
Q

How are motor neurons of the spinal cord organised topographically?

A

Distal limbs are controlled by motor neurons on the distal aspect of the spinal cord

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2
Q

What signal induces the formation of the floor plate and where does it come from?

A

Sonic hedgehog and the notochord

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3
Q

What do new neurons travel up to reach the cortex?

A

The radial glia

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4
Q

What do growth cones consist of?

A

Cytoskeleton

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4
Q

At what level is there dysfunction when a eye is kept shut in the development of a kitten

A

The visual cortex

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5
Q

What is fragile X syndrome caused by?

A

A mutation in the fragile X mental retardation gene (FMR1)

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5
Q

Which part of the spinal cord has sensory information?

A

The dorsal horn

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5
Q

What induces the development of ventral horn motor neurons of the spinal cord?

A

Factors released from the floor plate

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5
Q

How do interneurons in the spinal cord come about?

A

Factors (motor neuron factor) released for the motor neurons

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5
Q

What is the critical period for vision and hearing in humans?

A

The first 10 years

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6
Q

How does the brain appear in lissencephaly?

A

Smooth, unfolded surface.

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6
Q

What is induction in the context of neural development?

A

The next stage in development of the specific structures, eg the somites developing muscle and bone

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6
Q

What is the significance of the pioneer axons?

A

They lay down initial axon tracts they proceeding neurons follow

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7
Q

What develops first, the head or tail or the neural tube?

A

Head

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7
Q

What is vesiculation of the neural tube?

A

The narrow tube develops bubbles

8
Q

Where are neural stem cells located in the developing cortex?

A

In the ventricular zone (at the ventricular surface)

10
Q

How do new cells develop in relation to the neuroepithelium?

A

The migrate through the neuroepithelium and move up towards the cortex, away from the lumen of the tube

12
Q

Where do neural crest cells come from?

A

Top of the neural tube

14
Q

The prosencephalon splits into what?

A

The diencephalon and the telencephalon

15
Q

What are growth cones?

A

Caps on the end of axons that tow developing axons into position

17
Q

What is the neural plate derived from?

A

A plate of skin

19
Q

What is the name of the disease where there is not closure of the caudal end of the neural tube?

A

Spina bifida

20
Q

What happens to the structure of the nervous system postnatally?

A

Refinement - particularly at the level of the synapses

22
Q

What is the precursor structure of the forebrain?

A

The prosencephalon

24
Q

Why don’t you get incomplete folding of the neural tube in multiple regions?

A

Because the regions close independently

25
Q

Disorders of neuronal migration include?

A

Lissencephaly

26
Q

What are some derivative of the neural crest cells?

A

Peripheral nervous system

Melanocytes

Dentine

Muscle, cartilage and bones of the skull, face, jaw and pharynx

28
Q

What is anacephaly?

A

Incomplete closure of the neural tube around the vault of the skull - brain doesn’t develop fully - still born

29
Q

In which part of the spinal cord are motor located?

A

Ventral horn

30
Q

Is the retina part of the CNS or PNS?

A

CNS

31
Q

How do axons develop?

A

They extend out from the cell body

33
Q

What is the developmental precursor of the retina?

A

Optic vesicle

34
Q

What directs the development of the growth cones?

A

Local growth factors

35
Q

What happens to the neural plate for it to become a tube?

A

The neural groove forms and its lip rise up and connect creating a lumen inside

36
Q

Where does the neural tube close last?

A

At the bottom of the spinal cord

37
Q

What is the most common cause of male autism?

A

Fragile X syndrome

Hugh's MD1 Neuro (41 decks)

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