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Hugh's MD1 Neuro > Anatomy of the Eye > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Which wall and bones are commonly fractured?

A

The medial wall

Sphenoid

Lacrimal

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1
Q

What is the function of the cornea?

A

Bends light - refracting it

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1
Q

What is the choroid?

A

A layer of blood vessels beneath the retina

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2
Q

What happens if you lose the corneal endothelium?

A

It doesn’t come back (those cells don’t divide)

Eye swells - v. painful

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2
Q

Which muscle elevates the eyelid?

A

Levator palpebrae superiosis

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4
Q

How does the entry of the optic nerve appear?

A

White disk

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5
Q

Which arm of the NS innervates sphincter pupillae?

A

Parasympathetic

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6
Q

Which muscles control the aperture of the eye?

A

Spincter papillae: constricts the pupil

Dilator papillae: dilates the pupil

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7
Q

What causes presbyopia?

A

The lens looses flexibility

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9
Q

Which bones make up the lateral aspect of the orbit?

A

Zygomatic

Greater wing of the sphenoid

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9
Q

What are zonules?

A

Ligaments that tether the lens to the ciliary processes

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9
Q

Which muscle closes the upper lid?

A

Orbicularis oculi

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10
Q

Describe the course of flow of the aqueous humour

A

It is produced by the ciliary epithelium

Travels through the pupil

Drain via the anterior chamber angle into the venous system

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11
Q

What layer do extraocular muscles attachment to the eye?

A

The sclera

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12
Q

What is the lamina cribosa?

A

Fibres of the sclera that pass over the optic nerve in a mesh like pattern

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13
Q

What are the names of the ciliary arteries?

A

Long posterior ciliary artery

Short posterior ciliary artery

Anterior ciliary artery

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14
Q

Which branch of the NS innervates the ciliary muscles?

A

Parasympathetic

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15
Q

What are the layers of the cornea?

A

Epithelium

Bowman’s layer

Stroma

Descemet’s membrane

Endothelium

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16
Q

What is the function of the endothelium of the cornea?

A

The maintain fluid balance

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17
Q

What are the functions of the ciliary body?

A

Produce aqueous humour

Tether the lens

House the ciliary muscle

18
Q

Does the fovea have rods?

A

Nah

19
Q

Why is the cornea transparent?

A

Because the collagen is laid out in a very ordered manner

20
Q

What is the most important role of the ciliary epithelium?

A

Produce aqueous humour

21
Q

What is the optic nerve formed by?

A

Axons of ganglion cells

21
Q

How can the eyelids be described?

A

Transition zone between conjunctiva and skin

23
Q

What does the ciliary muscle do?

A

Allows focusing via the lens

24
Q

What happens if the corneal epithelium is damaged?

A

It heals v. rapidly

26
Q

Describe the dual blood supply of the retina?

A

Central retinal artery supplies the inner layer of the retina while the posterior ciliary artery supplies the outer layer of the retina

27
Q

How are the cornea and sclera arranged in relation with each other?

A

They are continuous

28
Q

When the ciliary muscles are contracted, at what distance can you focus?

A

Close up

29
Q

Why is the sclera so hard?

A

The whirls of collagen provide strength

30
Q

Which CN controls levator palpebrae superiosis

A

CNIII

32
Q

Which CN innervates orbicularis oculi?

A

CNVII

33
Q

What forms the outer layer of the eye?

A

Cornea

Sclera

34
Q

What is the sequence of branching that leads to the central retinal artery

A

Internal carotid > Ophthalmic artery > Central retinal artery

35
Q

What type of muscle is the ciliary muscle?

A

Smooth muscle

36
Q

Which bones make up the medial aspect of the orbit?

A

Maxilla

Lacrimal

Body of the sphenoid

Ethmoid

37
Q

Which bones make up the roof of the orbit?

A

Frontal

Lesser wing of the sphenoid

38
Q

Which bones make up the floor of the orbit?

A

Maxilla

Zygomatic

Palantine

39
Q

What is the fovea?

A

Specialised region for central vision

  • has the highest density of cones
40
Q

The structure that contains colour is called what?

A

The iris

41
Q

Which arm of the NS innervates dilator papillae?

A

Sympathetic NS

42
Q

Does the cornea have a direct vascular supply?

A

Nah, avascular

44
Q

What is the function of the retina?

A

Light detection and translation

45
Q

What is presbyopia?

A

The loss of accommodation (the ability to focus) with age

46
Q

What makes up the second layer of the eye, aka uvea?

A

Iris

Ciliary body

Choroid

47
Q

Which bones form the infraorbital margin of the orbit?

A

The maxilla medially

The zygomatic bone laterally

48
Q

What occurs at the anterior chamber angle?

A

Meeting point of the cornea and iris

  • aqueous humour drains there

Hugh's MD1 Neuro (41 decks)

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