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Hugh's MD1 Neuro > Anatomy of the Eye > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Which wall and bones are commonly fractured?

A

The medial wall

Sphenoid

Lacrimal

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1
Q

What is the function of the cornea?

A

Bends light - refracting it

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1
Q

What is the choroid?

A

A layer of blood vessels beneath the retina

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2
Q

What happens if you lose the corneal endothelium?

A

It doesn’t come back (those cells don’t divide)

Eye swells - v. painful

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2
Q

Which muscle elevates the eyelid?

A

Levator palpebrae superiosis

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4
Q

How does the entry of the optic nerve appear?

A

White disk

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5
Q

Which arm of the NS innervates sphincter pupillae?

A

Parasympathetic

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6
Q

Which muscles control the aperture of the eye?

A

Spincter papillae: constricts the pupil

Dilator papillae: dilates the pupil

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7
Q

What causes presbyopia?

A

The lens looses flexibility

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9
Q

Which bones make up the lateral aspect of the orbit?

A

Zygomatic

Greater wing of the sphenoid

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9
Q

What are zonules?

A

Ligaments that tether the lens to the ciliary processes

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9
Q

Which muscle closes the upper lid?

A

Orbicularis oculi

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10
Q

Describe the course of flow of the aqueous humour

A

It is produced by the ciliary epithelium

Travels through the pupil

Drain via the anterior chamber angle into the venous system

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11
Q

What layer do extraocular muscles attachment to the eye?

A

The sclera

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12
Q

What is the lamina cribosa?

A

Fibres of the sclera that pass over the optic nerve in a mesh like pattern

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13
Q

What are the names of the ciliary arteries?

A

Long posterior ciliary artery

Short posterior ciliary artery

Anterior ciliary artery

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14
Q

Which branch of the NS innervates the ciliary muscles?

A

Parasympathetic

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15
Q

What are the layers of the cornea?

A

Epithelium

Bowman’s layer

Stroma

Descemet’s membrane

Endothelium

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16
Q

What is the function of the endothelium of the cornea?

A

The maintain fluid balance

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17
Q

What are the functions of the ciliary body?

A

Produce aqueous humour

Tether the lens

House the ciliary muscle

18
Q

Does the fovea have rods?

19
Q

Why is the cornea transparent?

A

Because the collagen is laid out in a very ordered manner

20
Q

What is the most important role of the ciliary epithelium?

A

Produce aqueous humour

21
Q

What is the optic nerve formed by?

A

Axons of ganglion cells

21
How can the eyelids be described?
Transition zone between conjunctiva and skin
23
What does the ciliary muscle do?
Allows focusing via the lens
24
What happens if the corneal epithelium is damaged?
It heals v. rapidly
26
Describe the dual blood supply of the retina?
Central retinal artery supplies the inner layer of the retina while the posterior ciliary artery supplies the outer layer of the retina
27
How are the cornea and sclera arranged in relation with each other?
They are continuous
28
When the ciliary muscles are contracted, at what distance can you focus?
Close up
29
Why is the sclera so hard?
The whirls of collagen provide strength
30
Which CN controls levator palpebrae superiosis
CNIII
32
Which CN innervates orbicularis oculi?
CNVII
33
What forms the outer layer of the eye?
Cornea Sclera
34
What is the sequence of branching that leads to the central retinal artery
Internal carotid \> Ophthalmic artery \> Central retinal artery
35
What type of muscle is the ciliary muscle?
Smooth muscle
36
Which bones make up the medial aspect of the orbit?
Maxilla Lacrimal Body of the sphenoid Ethmoid
37
Which bones make up the roof of the orbit?
Frontal Lesser wing of the sphenoid
38
Which bones make up the floor of the orbit?
Maxilla Zygomatic Palantine
39
What is the fovea?
Specialised region for central vision - has the highest density of cones
40
The structure that contains colour is called what?
The iris
41
Which arm of the NS innervates dilator papillae?
Sympathetic NS
42
Does the cornea have a direct vascular supply?
Nah, avascular
44
What is the function of the retina?
Light detection and translation
45
What is presbyopia?
The loss of accommodation (the ability to focus) with age
46
What makes up the second layer of the eye, aka uvea?
Iris Ciliary body Choroid
47
Which bones form the infraorbital margin of the orbit?
The maxilla medially The zygomatic bone laterally
48
What occurs at the anterior chamber angle?
Meeting point of the cornea and iris - aqueous humour drains there

Hugh's MD1 Neuro (41 decks)

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