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Hugh's MD1 Neuro > Aphasia and Memory Disorders > Flashcards

Aphasia and Memory Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two mechanism of recovery from aphasia’s?

A

Contralateral transfer - mainly in younger people

Ipsilateral re-organisation

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2
Q

Is language the same as speech?

A

No, language can be produced through a number of mode eg writing

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2
Q

How do the left and right hippocampi vary in memory?

A

Generally

Left: verbal memory,

  • list recall, story recall, paired associated learning

Right: Non-verbal memory

  • visuo-spatial associations
  • facial recall
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3
Q

What is an episodic cause of aphasia?

A

Migraine

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3
Q

What is supplied by the superior branch of the MCA?

A

Sensorimotor cortex

Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex

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4
Q

What is an insidious onset-progressive cause of aphasia?

A

Dementia

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4
Q

What is a transcortical motor aphasia?

A

Non-fluent aphasia

Mutenesss at most severe

Repetition is preversed

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4
Q

What is semantic memory?

A

General facts

Shared knowledge

eg the meaning of a word or a historical date

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4
Q

What type of aphasia is associated with AD?

A

Fluent

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6
Q

What is a common associated feature of Broca’s aphasia?

A

Right arm and face weakness

Sensory loss in the same region

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7
Q

What percentage of dementia is caused by Alzheimer’s disease?

A

50%

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8
Q

How does hippocampal sclerosis present?

A

Declarative memory disturbance

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10
Q

What is supplied by the inferior division of the MCA?

A

Temporoparietal cortex

Visual tracts

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11
Q

Knocking out the mamillary bodies can do what to memory?

A

Cause dense amnesia with poor prognosis

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12
Q

What are three important regions for declarative memory?

A

Hippocampus

Entorhinal cortex

Perirhinal cortex

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14
Q

What is a conduction aphasia characterised by?

A

Fluent aphasia

Relatively intact comprehension

Poor repetition of words

14
Q

What is episodic memory?

A

Memory of a time and a place that include your emotional tone

16
Q

T/F Retrograde amnesia commonly accompanies andrograde amnesia

A

True

17
Q

What is transient global amnesia characterised by?

A

Precipitating events including - sexual intercourse, immersion in cold water

Anterograde amnesia

No disruption of self-identity

19
Q

What is the function of the arcuate fasciculus?

A

Connects Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas

20
Q

Are skills declarative or non-declarative information?

A

Non-declarative

21
Q

What is mild cognitive impairment?

A

Subclinical transition phase between normal ageing and dementia

Self complaint for 6-12 months

22
Q

What is aphasia?

A

A disturbance in language as a result of brain damage

23
Q

What is an acute cause of aphasia

A

Stroke

Penetrating head injury

24
Q

Define procedural memories

A

Slowly acquired

Long term

Implicit

25
Q

What is overload syndrome?

A

Thinking your memory is poor when really it’s due to having to learn a lot of information

26
Q

How does Alzheimer’s develop on a pathological level?

A

Pathology spread throughouts the brain

Transenterorhinal (asymptomatic)

Limbic system (incipient)

Neocortical associated cortex (fully developed AD)

27
Q

Where are lesions that cause Broca’s aphasia located?

A

Anterior: pars opercularis and pars triangularis of the inferior frontal gyrus

28
Q

What is working memory?

A

The ability to hold a piece of information and manipulate it over a short period of time

29
Q

What happens with memory in the hippocampus?

A

Memories are consolidated

30
Q

What is the difference between production and selection in speech?

A

Production is producing appropriate output sequences where selection is choosing appropriate content

32
Q

What is non-declarative memory?

A

Unconscious precedural memories

33
Q

Does declarative or non-declarative memory more often break down?

A

Declarative

34
Q

Describe language in Wernicke’s aphasia

A

Fluent with: Neologisms - made up words repeated for certain

Paraphasic errors eg boap or boat

Impaired comprehension

35
Q

Who is HM?

A

Famous case of a guy who had bilateral medial temporal lobe resection causing severe antrograde amnesia

36
Q

What are some causes of memory impairment?

A

Neurodegenerative diseases

Cerebrovascular diseases

Transient disorders

Surgical resection

37
Q

What type of aphasia is broca’s?

A

Non-fluent aphasia

Loss of grammatical (sequential) structure

Intact selection of content

38
Q

Which hemisphere is most commonly speech?

A

Left

39
Q

Where are the lesions that cause Wernicke’s aphasia located?

A

Posterior:

posterior section of the superior temporal gyrus

Hugh's MD1 Neuro (41 decks)

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