CNS Infections Flashcards
Which antibiotic is chosen for meningitis?
3rd generation cephalosporin as it covers the three most common bacterial causes
What are the normal values for CSF?
Gin clear
>60% glucose of blood
0 RBC
What is the problem with relying on CSF?
Infections may not present with differing protein, glucose, identifible pathogens.
How do the symptoms of meningitis differ in baby/children cf to adults?
They are less specific and harder to elicit.
Include: bulging of the fontanelle
Crying
Cessation of feeding
Vomiting
Fever
What are some contraindications for lumbar puncture?
Shock
Raised ICP
Extensive or spreading purpura
How can you differentiate meningitis and encephalitis?
Encephalitis often presents with more obvious neurological signs
What age group has the highest incidence of meningitis? Which has the highest mortality?
Children
Elderly
Which meningococcal serogroup in most important in the developed world?
B and C
What is the most common cause of encephalitis?
Viral particularly HSV which can be treated
Which is more common and which is more dangerous, viral or bacterial meningitis?
Viral is more common while bacterial is more dangerous
T/F Culture negative CSF doesn’t exclude a bacterial cause
True
What are the three most common bacterial causes of meningitis?
- H. influenzae *
- N. meningitidis*
- S. pneumoniae*
What must occur with CSF samples for correct results to be attained?
Analysed quickly otherwise WBCs will begin to lyse
When are steroid used for meningitis?
In adults
Unsure of the benefit in children
What investigations can be made of meningitis?
CSF - most important
Blood
Neuroimaging
Skin scrapping
