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Hugh's MD1 Neuro > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What is the anatomical landmark for the roustal end of the brainstem?

A

Mammillary bodies

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1
Q

Which CN’s nuclei are in the brachial column of the motor region of the brainstem?

A

Roustral to caudal

Mandibular division of V/Trigeminal (Pons)

VII/Facial (Pons)

IX/Glossopharyngeal (Medulla)

X/Vagus (Medulla)

XI/Accessory (Spinal cord)

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1
Q

Which CN nuclei are contained in the nucleus solitarius?

A

CNVII, IX and X

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2
Q

Where does the nucleus ambiguus lie in relation to the inferior olive?

A

Behind

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2
Q

Which part of the brainstem does the gag reflex test?

A

The medulla

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3
Q

Which extraocula muscles does the oculomotor nerve innervate?

A

Medial rectus

Superior rectus

Inferior rectus

Inferior oblique

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4
Q

What type of sensory input does the nucleus solitarius deal with?

A

Taste (roustal aspect)

Autonomic from the heart, abdomen and viscera

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4
Q

Where does the olfactory nerve exit the skull?

A

Cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone

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5
Q

Where does the opthalmic branch of CNV exit the skull?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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5
Q

Which nerve does the sensory input for the gag reflex?

A

Glossopharyngeal

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6
Q

What role does the facial nerve play in the corneal reflex?

A

Its temporal branch closes the eye

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7
Q

Which nerves go through the superior orbital fissure?

A

III

IV/Trochlea

VI/Abducent

V1

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8
Q

What is the motor innervation of the facial nerve?

A

Muscles of facial expression

Stapedius muscle (ear)

Part of the digastric muscle

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9
Q

What does the CNVIII do?

A

Sensory input from ears and vestibular apparatus

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9
Q

Where does the vestibulocochlear nerve exit the skull?

A

Internal auditory meatus

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11
Q

List the cranial nerves?

A

CNI - Olfactory

CNII - Optic

CNIII - Oculomotor

CIV - Trochlea

CNV - Trigeminal

CNVI - Abducent

CNVII - Facial

CNVIII - Vestibulocochlear

CNIX - Glossopharyngeal

CNX - Vagus

CNXI - Accessory

CNXII - Hypoglossal

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12
Q

What is the mesencephalic nuclei of the CNV for?

A

Proprioception

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12
Q

What does motor CNX do?

A

To striated muscles: Soft palate, pharynx, larynx, upper oesophagus and 1 tongue muscle

PS to many organs

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13
Q

Which nerve covers the motor efferent output of the corneal reflex?

A

CNVII/Facial

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16
Q

Which CN’s nuclei are in the special sensory column of the sensory region of the brainstem?

A

VIII Vestibulocochlear (Pons/Medulla)

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17
Q

Which CN’s nuclei are in the visceral column of the motor aspect of the brainstem?

A

From roustral to caudal

III/Oculomotor (midbrain) - nucleus is called the Edinger Westphal

VII/Facial (Pons) - Superior salivary nucleus

IX/Glossopharyngeal (Medulla) - Inferior salivary nucleus

X/Vagus (Medulla) - Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus

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18
Q

Apart from motor and sensory, what does CNX do?

A

Input from baro and chemoreceptors of the aortic arch

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20
Q

Which cranial nerves are purely sensory?

A

CNI - Olfactory

CNII - Optic

CNVIII - Vestibulocochlear

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22
Q

What are the three columns of sensory nuclei in the lateral aspect of brainstem called (medial to lateral)?

A

Visceral

Somatic

Special

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23
Q

What branch of the facial nerve does the motor function?

A

Facial nerve proper

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23
Q

Which nerve does the motor output for the gag reflex?

A

X - to the pharynx

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25
Q

Which cranial nerves are mixed sensory and motor?

A

CNV - Trigeminal

CNVII - Facial

CNIX - Glossopharyngeal

CNX - Vagus

26
Q

What is the sensory distribution of the Trigeminal nerve?

A

Face - infront of the ear

(Split into opthalmic V1, maxillary V2 and mandibular V3)

Inside mouth

26
Q

Where does the maxillary division of CNV exit the skull?

A

Foramen rotundum

27
Q

Where do the nerve of the ocular motion exit the skull?

A

Superior orbital fissure

27
Q

Where does CNXI exit the skull?

A

Hypoglossal foramen

28
Q

Which nerves exit the skull through the auditory canal?

A

VII/Facial

VIII/Vestibulocochlea

29
Q

How many nuclei does the trigeminal nerve have? What are they called?

A

4

Mesencephalic

Chief sensory

Spinal trigeminal nucleus (STN)

Motor nucleus

31
Q

What motor does the glossopharyngeal nerve do?

A

Parasympathetic to parotid

Motor to stylopharyngeus (lifting soft palate to allow speach)

32
Q

What sensory does CNX do?

A

Pharynx, larynx and oesophagus

33
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the facial nerve?

A

Lacrimal and sublingual and submandibular salivary glands

35
Q

What is the motor innervation of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Muscles of mastication

Tensor tympani

36
Q

Which cranial nerves are purely motor?

A

CNIII - Oculomotor

CNIV - Trochlear

CNVI - Abducent

CNXI - Accessory

CNXII - Hypoglossal

37
Q

What is the visceral sensory innervation of the facial nerve?

A

Taste for the ant 2/3 of the tongue and soft palate

37
Q

Where does CNIX exit the skull?

A

Jugular foramen

38
Q

Which other nerve exits with VIII?

A

VII

39
Q

What is the somatic sensory innervation of the facial nerve?

A

Small region near the external auditory meatus

41
Q

What is the effector muscle in the papillary reflex?

A

Sphincter Pupillae muscle

43
Q

What are the three subdivisions of motor aspect of the brainstem?

A

Midlines > Lateral

Somatic > Brachial > Visceral

44
Q

What is the spinal trigeminal nucleus of the CNV for?

A

Pain

45
Q

What is the acronym for the cranial nerves?

A

Oh oh oh, to touch A fine virgin girls vagina and hymen

45
Q

Which nerves exit the skull through the jugular foramen?

A

IX/Glossopharyngeal

X/Vagus

XI/Accessory

46
Q

What are the six extraocular muscles?

A

Sup. rectus

Inferior rectus

Medial rectus

lateral rectus

Sup oblique

Inferior oblique

47
Q

What sensory does the glossopharyngeal nerve do?

A

Tongue (post 1/3)

Pharynx

Middle ear

Carotid body

Taste: post 1/3 of tongue

47
Q

What does the hypoglossal nerve do?

A

Somatic motor of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue

48
Q

Must of the motor innervation for the tongue is done by … but some is also done by …

A

CNXII

and CNX

49
Q

What is the name of the branch of the facial nerve that does non-motor innervation?

A

The nervus intermedius

50
Q

What is the chief sensory nuclei of CNV for?

A

Other sensory (not proprioception and pain)

52
Q

What important structure does the facial nerve pass through but not innervate?

A

The parotid gland

53
Q

How is the CN nuclei divided in the brainstem?

A

Each side has 6 columns

The 3 medial are motor and the three lateral are sensory

54
Q

Which CN’s nuclei are in the somatic aspect of the motor region of the brainstem?

A

In roustral to caudal order

III/Oculomotor (Midbrain)

IV/Trachlea (Midbrain)

VI/Abducent (Pons)

XII/Hypoglossal (Medulla)

Note: the first three all control movement of the eye ball

56
Q

Where does the mandibular division of CNV exit the skull?

A

Foramen Ovale

57
Q

Which hole does the optic nerve exit the skull through?

A

Optic canal

58
Q

Describe the course of CNXI

A

Branches off the spinal cord

Enters the skull through the foramen magnum

Loops down and exits through the jugular foramen

59
Q

What is the visceral motor innervation of the oculomotor nerve?

A

Iris (pupil) - relevant for papillary reflex

Ciliary muscle - focusing

60
Q

What nerve exits the skull through the hypoglossal foramen?

A

XII/Hypoglossal

61
Q

Which of the brainstem does the corneal reflex test?

A

The pons

62
Q

Which nerve covers the sensory afferent input from the corneal in its reflex?

A

V1 - Opthalmic division of CNV

64
Q

What are the five terminal branches of the facial nerve proper called?

A

Temporal

Zygomatic

Buccal

Marginal Mandibular

Cervical

65
Q

What does CNXI do?

A

Motor innervation for Upper trap and sternomastoid

66
Q

What is the name of the nuclei that cranial nerves IX and X share in the brachial column of the motor aspect of the brainstem?

A

Nucleus Ambiguus

Hugh's MD1 Neuro (41 decks)

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