Derm - Viral Exanthemas Flashcards
What is an exanthem?
Eruptive widespread rash
What are the 6 viral exanthemas?
First disease : Measles
Second disease : Scarlet Fever
Third disease : Rubella
Fourth disease : Duke’s Disease
Fifth disease : Parvovirus B19
Sixth disease : Roseola Infatum
What causes measles?
Measles virus
Highly contagious
How does measles present?
10-12 days after exposure with fever, coryzal symptoms and conjunctivitis
Koplik spots
Greyish white spots on buccal mucosa, appears 2 days after fever
Rash starts on face behind ears, 3-5 days after fever then spreads to rest of the body
NOTIFIABLE DISEASE - PUBLIC HEALTH
What does the rash in measles look like?
Erythematous, macular rash with flat lesions
How long does measles take to resolve?
7-10 days of symptoms
How long should children be isolated for after symptoms resolve?
4 days
What are the complications of measles?
30% develop complications
Pneumonia
Diarrhoea
Dehydration
Encephalitis
Meningitis
Hearing loss
Vision loss
Death
What is Scarlet feever caused by?
Exotoxin produced by streptococcus pyogenes bacteria
Associated with group A streptococcus usually tonsilitis - not caused by a virus
What is scarlet fever characterised by?
Red-pink, blotchy, macular rash with rough sandpaper skin that starts on trunk and spreads outwards
Red, flushed cheeks
Strawberry tongue
What are the features of scarlet fever?
Strawberry tongue
Cervical lymphadenopathy
Flushed face
Red-pink, blotchy macular rash
Lethargy
Extremely rough, sandpaper skin
Throat, sore
Fever
How is scarlet fever treated?
Phenoxymethylpenicillin (Penicillin V) for 10 days
For underlying streptococcal infection
NOTIFIABLE DISEASE- PUBLIC HEALTH
How long should children be off school for after antibitoics?
24 hours after starting antibiotics
