D3.3 Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

Homeostasis

A

Ability to maintain a constant internal environment

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2
Q

regulator

A

An animal that can maintain a constant internal environment, enabling it to continue normal activities, regardless of external conditions

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3
Q

negative feedback loops

A

Conditions are brought back to a set value as soon as it detected deviation

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4
Q

examples of negative feedback

A

Regulation of body temperature
Blood sugar level
Amounts of water and ion and blood and tissue fluid

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5
Q

order of negative feedback

A

Input - receptor - coordinator - effector - output

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6
Q

normal level of blood glucose

A

90 MG of glucose in every 100 cm^3 of blood

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7
Q

What is glucose needed for?

A

Respiration because it is quickly absorbed across the cell membrane
Main respiratory substance
Glycogen gets used up very quickly

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8
Q

hypoglycemia

A

Condition my blood sugar levels are too low below 60 MG

cant faint and coma

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9
Q

hyperglycemia

A

When blood sugar levels are too high
Water goes back into blood because of lower water potential
Body becomes dehydrated

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10
Q

what happens if glucose is too high

A

Withdrawn from blood and stored as glycogen

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11
Q

islets of Langerhans

A

Groups of endocrine cells located in the pancreas
Become hormone secreting glands
Rich capillary network, but no ducts

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12
Q

Alpha cell

A

Glucose cell of the islets of Langhan and pancreas

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13
Q

beta cell

A

Insulin greeting cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas
Stimulated by raised blood glucose levels

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14
Q

glycogenesis

A

Conversion of glucose to glycogen and cells and glucose to fatty acids and fat
Deposition of fatter around the body

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15
Q

what happens when blood glucose level falls below normal

A

A cells of pancreas, secrete glucagon

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16
Q

glucagon

A

Made in pantry that promote background of glycogen to glucose and the muscle cells

17
Q

diabetes

A

Failure to regulate blood glucose levels

18
Q

type 1 diabetes

A

The result of failure of insulin production by beta cells

19
Q

type 2 diabetes

A

Fear of the influence receptor proteins on the cell membrane of target cells

20
Q

what can type two diabetes lead to?

A

Increase risk of circulatory disorders, renal failure, blindness, strokes, or heart attacks

21
Q

risk factors for type two

A

Overweight, obese, age 40 or older, family history, high BP low HDL or high triglycerides, inactivity

22
Q

type 1

A

genes and environmental factors like viruses

23
Q

what can type 2 be controlled by?

A

diet, reduction in weight

24
Q

what can type 1 be controlled by?

A

insulin rejections, and insulin pumps

25
Q

physiological controls

A

Regulation of loss of heat through skin
Thermal regulation is called endotherm
Can also regulate their body temperature by modifying their behavior

26
Q

vasoconstruction

A

The narrowing of blood vessels by small muscles in the walls, restricting blood flow

27
Q

vasodilation

A

The widening of blood vessels by small muscles in the walls increasing blood flow

28
Q

increase in temperature

A

Vasodilation
Hair is life, flat allowing variation of heat from body
increased sweat to cool body

29
Q

Decrease in temperature

A

Vasoconstriction
Had to be wrecked to trapped heat
Decreased sweat production
Skeletal muscles contracting, causing shivering
Metabolic activity in liver increases heating body

30
Q

adipose tissue roll in heat

A

To maintain temperature of newly born babies
Memorize his triglycerides for heat

31
Q

uncoupled respiration

A

Energy stored in ATP to release heat to maintain body temperature