A3.1 Diversity of Organisms

Question 2

polygenetic inheritance

Answer 2

Inheritance of phenotypic characteristics that are determined by the collective effects of several different genes

Question 3

discontinuous variation

Answer 3

When characteristics is one of two or more discrete types with no intermediate forms

Question 4

Homeotic mutation

Answer 4

Alteration and genes that determine the type or location of a body part during an organisms development

Question 5

morphology

Answer 5

form and structure of an organism

Question 6

Taxonomist

Answer 6

Scientist who defined and classify groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics

Question 7

Sexual morphism

Answer 7

Differences in appearance between males and female females of the same species, such as color shape, size and structure

Question 8

species concept

Answer 8

methodology for detecting whether two organisms are members of the same species

Question 9

Morphological species concept

Answer 9

Species are groups of organisms which share traits

Question 11

advantages of species concept

Answer 11

Applied to sexual and asexual organisms
Doesn’t require information on extent of gene flow
Applied on extinct species

Question 12

limitations of species concept

Answer 12

Relies on subjective criteria and research may disagree on which structural features distinguish a species

Question 13

taxonomy

Answer 13

Science of classification

Question 14

taxa

Answer 14

Classifactory grouping

Question 15

binomial system

Answer 15

Double names for organisms in Latin with the generic name proceeding specific name

Question 16

genus

Answer 16

A group of similar and closely related species

Question 17

biological species concept

Answer 17

A species is a group of organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring

Question 18

limitations of biological species concept

Answer 18

• Doesn’t apply to organism stat reproduce, asexually, or are extinct
• over emphasizes gene flow and downplays natural selection

Question 19

Ecological species concept

Answer 19

A species is a group of organism that is adapted to a particular set of resources

Explain differences in form and behavioural adaptations to resource availability

Question 20

advantages of Ecological species concept

Answer 20

Can accommodate sexual and asexual species
Emphasize his role of natural selection

Question 21

limitations of Ecological species concept

Answer 21

niches difficult to identify

Question 22

evolutionary species concept

Answer 22

Species in single lineage of populations, descending from a common ancestor which maintains its identity from others such lineages, and which has its own selection, pressures and evolutionary outcome

Question 23

diversity in chromosome number

Answer 23

1. Number of chromosomes per species is fixed.
2. Shape of characteristics.
3. Chromosomes of a cell occur in pairs called homologous pairs mama

Question 24

karyotype

Answer 24

number and type of chromosome present in all organism

Question 25

karyotyping

Answer 25

Diagram showing chromosomes are raised in homologous pairs in descending order of size

Stained to show banding patterns

Question 26

how many chromosomes does a chimpanzee have?

Answer 26

24

Question 27

difference in human and chimpanzee chromosome

Answer 27

Human DNA is less than 3% different from chimpanzee
Center of human chromosome, two lines of a chimpanzee chromosome 2A

Question 28

Diversity of eukaryote genomes

Answer 28

• vary in overall size based on total DNA
• vary in basic sequencing

Question 29

human genome project

Answer 29

• to map entire human genome
• 1990
• 200 labs involved
• sequenced genomes of around 3500 species
• development in technology - speed increased

Question 30

how many bases

Answer 30

3 x 10^9
20,000 genes
genetic code not altered by DNA

Question 31

current and potential uses of genome sequencing

Answer 31

More widespread use of personalized medicine
Development of malaria vaccine