B1.2 Protiens Flashcards
what are Proteins
Proteins are polymers (and macromolecules) made of monomers called amino acids
what determines a Proteins shape and therefore its function
The sequence, type and number of the amino acids within a protein
why are Proteins extremely important in cells and examples of protiens
all of the reactions necessary for life are dependent on the function of proteins
- Enzymes
- Cell membrane proteins (e.g. carrier)
- Hormones
- Transport proteins (e.g. haemoglobin)
- Structural proteins (e.g. keratin, collagen)
- Contractile proteins (e.g. myosin)
oteins
what are Amino acids
monomers of polypeptides
how many amino acids found in polypeptides common to all living organisms
There are 20 amino acids found in polypeptides common to all living organisms
The general structure of all amino acids
central carbon atom, the alpha carbon, bonded to:
An amine/amino group -NH2
A carboxylic acid/carboxyl group -COOH
A hydrogen atom
R group
what is the r group
a side chain specific to each amino acid that gives particular chemical properties to that amino acid
how is a Peptide bond formed
condensation reaction of 2 amino acids resulting in the production of H2O
what is a condensation reaction
when two aminos combine to produce water
Dipeptides
formed by the condensation of two amino acids
alpha carbon
connects amine groups with carboxylic group as well as R group and a hydrogen
polar amino
polar if there is either an OH or NH in the R chain
non polar amino acid
No OH or NH in the r chain
essential amino
an amino acid that our body can’t produce so we need to consume
non essential
what our body produces and doesn’t need to consume
