C1.2 Cell Respiration Flashcards
cellular respiration
enzyme controlled release of energy from organic compounds to produce ATP
what form is energy lost in
heat in each step
ATP - adenosine triphosphate
basic definition and how is it formed
a nucleotide, present in every living cell
formed in photosynthesis and respiration from ADP and Pi.
what happens to energy made in cytoplasm
transferred from glucose and ATP
why is ATP referred to as energy currency
like money it can be used in different contexts and is constantly recycled
what does respiration do
energy from glucose to ATP
ATP structure
ribose, 3 phosphate groups and a base
ATP function
source of energy for chemical change in cells, tissues and organisms
substance that moves easily within cells and organisms by facilitated diffusion
able to take part in many steps of cellular respiration and in many reactions of metabolism
what process does ATP supply with energy
- synthesis of macromolecules
- moment of whole cell
- movement of cell components
how does ATP work
reacts with water and is converted to ADP and pi - hydrolysis
gives out energy and can be reused
why are carbohydrates the preferred substrate
because oxidation is easier and the molecules can directly enter glycolysis
are protiens used in cell respiration
only when there are limited carbohydrates
aerobic respiration
requiring oxygen, involving the oxidation of glucose to Co2 and H2o
formula of aerobic respiration
glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + ATP
anaerobic respiration
respiration without oxygen, producing either lactic acid or ethanol and Co2
where does anaerobic respiration occur
cytoplasm of cells and produces small amounts of ATP
what is lactic acid
organic acid produced by the body when glucose in broken down to generate ATP in absence of oxygen
when is lactic acid produced
anaerobic respiration
where does lactic acid fermentation occur
in muscle fibres only when demand for energy for contractions is very great and can’t be met by aerobic respiration
formula for anaerobic respiration
glucose -> lactic acid + ATP
variables affecting rate of cell respiration
- metabolic rate of cell
- size of organism
- supply of oxygen
- supply of substrates for respiration
- temperature
- pH
