Congenital heart and other defects Flashcards
Type 1 IUGR effects:
embryonic period
fetal period
Type 1 IUGR effects:
embryonic period
fetal period
The most common heart defect is ? [1]
Ventricle septation:
Mainly VSD but also ASD
Heart starts beating at day []
Day 22
Describe the structure of the heart at 22 days [5]
And what each part develops into
The Sinus venosus:
- Inflow, it receives the blood from the embryonic veins
- becomes the right atrium (smooth post. porton), venae cavae and the coronary sinus.
Paired primitive atria:
- become the right and left auricles, and the left atrium
Primitive ventricle:
- becomes the left ventricle eventually
Proximal 1/3rd of bulbus cordis:
- becomes the** muscular part of the right ventricle**
Other 2/3rds 1/3rd of bulbus cordis:
- will become the conus arteriosum (into pulmonary trunk) and in the left ventricle will become the aortic vestibule
Truncus arteriosus
- becomes the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk
- The dorsal aorta will eventually fuse together –> descending aorta
Describe how the partitioning of the outflow tract occurs
Neural crest form bulbar ridges in conus cordis
Ridges grow and twist “spiral”
Atrial septal defects can cause left to right shunting of blood. Causes R ventricular hypertrophy
What % people have a probe patent foramen ovale? [1]
What is a probe patent foramen ovale cause an increased risk of? [2]
25% of people have probe patent foramen ovale that normally causes no problems but can open and can cause increased risk of migraine and AF
Extra strain on the heart can make hole bigger.
What happens to large amount of muscular VSDs? [1]
Often spotaneously close
90% of VSD are in [] septum (superior and close to outflow tract) and 10% in [] septum
90% of VSD are in membranous septum (superior and close to outflow tract) and 10% in muscular septum
Explain how you close a VSD [2]
Ventricular septal defects are typically closed by placing a patch over the defect.
The patch may be a piece of fabric (Dacron) or the patient’s own tissue (pericardium) and it is secured with fine sutures.
Persistant truncus arteriosus is caused by what failing to fuse? [1]
Associated with which pathology? [1]
Persistent truncus arteriosus:
Truncoconal swellings fail to fuse
Associated with VSD
Tetralogy of Fallot is characterised by
Pulmonary trunk stenosis
VSD
Overriding aorta
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Most common cause of cyanotic heart disease in new-born is? [1]
Transposition of the great vessels
Transposition of the great vessels is caused by [] being straight and not spiralling [1]
What does this cause to occur with the great vessel positions? [1]
Transposition of the great vessels is caused by truncoconal spetum being straight and not spiralling [1]
Causes two parallel rather than sequential
Using drugs:
How do you keep PDA open? [1]
How do you close PDA? [1]
Open: prostaglandins
Close: NSAIDS
What is the pathology depicted? [1]
Tetrallogy of Fallot - boot shaped
