Cognitive interview Flashcards
what’s a schema
its a mental framework for our beliefs and expectations atheist influence the cognitive processing and its developed through our experiences.
what’s a cognitive interview
its a method of interviewing witnesses which helps them retrieve more accurate memories. it works because it reduces the inaccuracy of leading questions and anxiety.
what’s are the 4 element of cognitive interview
1- context reinstatement
2- report everything
3- recall in a reverse order
4- recall from a changed perspective
what’s context reinstatement and how does it help
these are questions that require the witness to recreate a image in the mind of the situation and include things like what was the environment like and what mood were you in that time. its helps because trying to recall the information of what was the environment like can help provide possible cues from which the witness a remember the detail about the event. also contextual and emotional cues are needed to remember a information.
what’s report everything and how does it work
these questions requires the witness to report everything even if it seems unimportant to the witness .
this is done because what might seem unimportant could be important for the event and also because all memories are interconnected to one another so recalling small details could help to recall the major memories for the event and help build a clear picture of the crime.
what’s recall in reverse order
these questions asked witness to report everything in chronological order such as beginning to end.
this is don’t to prevent people expectations of what could have happened rather then what actually happened. also it prevents dishonesty.
what’s recall form a changed perspective
these questions witness to mentally think about the information of the event from a changed point of view. this is to distrupt the effects of expectation and schema on recall.
how is a limitation of cognitive interview is that its time consuming
because Kebbel and Wagstaff found out police don’t use the technique of Cl for less serious crimes as it takes a lot of time. this is a limitation because despite being the fact tats CI can give vast amount of information it’s not really practical and helpful for conducting especially for some less serious crimes so therefore Cl might be weak evidence for improving accuracy of EWT.
how is a limitation of CI is that its contradicted by memon research
because memo found out police officers who used standard interview got the same amount of correct information as police officer who use cognitive interview. this is a limitation beach this evidence indicates tats cognitive interview might be good at improving the accuracy of EWT therefore it lack validity.
how is a limitation of CI is that the same procedure for conducting interview is not used by everyone.
because thames valley police don’t use the contact reinstatement component and some police officers might only use report earthing and reverse order. tis Sia limitation because some cognitive interview might be. more effective then others and theres not only one procedure in the operation. therefore lack validity.
how is a strength of Cl is that there is a experimental evidence for its effectiveness.
because fisher et el conducted a filed experiment with the miami police department and found out police officers who used Cl got 63% more accurate inflation then those police officers who sued standard interview. Gieselman found put officer who used Cl got 12 more accurate information items then who sued standard interview. this is a strength because it shows the Cl does improve the accuracy of EWT which give the finding or claims some validity.
what’s a difference between Sl and Cl
standard is a free recall, no specialist needed to conduct the interview and its not really effective to help witness recall accurate information and specific questions are asked.
Cl - recall is in the context of where the event occurred, wider questions are asked, is effective for witness to recall accurate information and specialist are needed o conduct the interview.
