Chapter/Packet 8

Question 1

Articles of Confederation

Answer 1

and Perpetual Union was an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first frame of government. It was approved after much debate by the Second Continental Congress on November 15, 1777, and sent to the states for ratification.

Question 2

Old Northwest

Answer 2

Provided for the sale of land in the Old Northwest and earmarked the proceeds toward repaying the national debt. Definition: Created a policy for administering the Northwest Territories. Significance: It included a path to statehood and forbade the expansion of slavery into the territories.

Question 3

Land Ordinance of 1785

Answer 3

established a system of survey and sale that allowed the Confederation government a source of income without having to requisition states.

Question 4

Northwest Ordinance

Answer 4

chartered a government for the Northwest Territory, provided a method for admitting new states to the Union from the territory, and listed a bill of rights guaranteed in the territory.

Question 5

Shays’s Rebellion

Answer 5

exposed the weakness of the government under the Articles of Confederation and led many—including George Washington—to call for strengthening the federal government in order to put down future uprisings.

Question 6

Virginia Plan

Answer 6

Constitutional Convention in 1787, James Madison’s Virginia Plan outlined a strong national government with three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. The plan called for a legislature divided into two bodies (the Senate and the House of Representatives) with proportional representation.

Question 7

New Jersey Plan

Answer 7

was designed to protect the security and power of the small states by limiting each state to one vote in Congress, as under the Articles of Confederation. Its acceptance would have doomed plans for a strong national government and minimally altered the Articles of Confederation.

Question 8

Great Compromise

Answer 8

(or Connecticut Compromise in honor of its architects, Connecticut delegates Roger Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth) provided a dual system of congressional representation. In the House of Representatives each state would be assigned a number of seats in proportion to its population.

Question 9

common law

Answer 9

Common law places an emphasis on precedent while allowing some freedom for interpretation. The value of a common-law system is that the law can be adapted to situations that were not contemplated at that time by the legislature.

Question 10

Civil law

Answer 10

Essentially, civil law is about conflict resolution, ensuring disputes between individuals do not escalate into a violent confrontation. It encourages cooperation between members of society, deterring exploitative behaviors, and unethical business practices.

Question 11

three-fifths compromise

Answer 11

compromise agreement between delegates from the Northern and the Southern states at the United States Constitutional Convention (1787) that three-fifths of the slave population would be counted for determining direct taxation and representation in the House of Representatives.

Question 12

Electoral College

Answer 12

Established in Article II, Section 1 of the U.S. Constitution, the Electoral College is the formal body which elects the President and Vice President of the United States.

Question 13

antifederalists

Answer 13

and their opposition to ratifying the Constitution were a powerful force in the origin of the Bill of Rights to protect Amercians’ civil liberties. The anti-Federalists were chiefly concerned with too much power invested in the national government at the expense of states.

Question 14

federalists

Answer 14

Yet the Federalist Party’s contributions to the nation were extensive. Its principles gave structure to the new government. Its leaders laid the foundations of a national economy, created and staffed a national judicial system and enunciated enduring principles of American foreign policy.

Question 15

The Federalist

Answer 15

the party organized the enduring administrative machinery of national government; fixed the practice of a liberal interpretation of the Constitution; established traditions of federal fiscal integrity and credit worthiness; and initiated the important doctrine of

Question 16

Society of the Cincinnati

Answer 16

is the nation’s oldest patriotic organization, founded in 1783 by officers of the Continental Army who served together in the American Revolution. Its mission is to promote knowledge and appreciation of the achievement of American independence and to foster fellowship among its members.

Question 17

disestablish

Answer 17

to deprive of an established status especially : to deprive of the status and privileges of an established church.

Question 18

Virginia Statute for religious Freedom

Answer 18

It marked the end of a ten-year struggle for the separation of church and state in Virginia, and it was the driving force behind the religious clauses of the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1791.

Question 19

civic virtue

Answer 19

describes the character of a good participant in a system of government —the personal qualities associated with the effective functioning of the civil and political order or the preservation of its values and principles.

Question 20

republican motherhood

Answer 20

This ideology became known as Republican Motherhood. This ideological notion placed national political import on women’s roles as wives and, perhaps more importantly, as mothers. For women, the American Revolution failed to deliver lasting, revolutionary change in terms of their status as citizens of the new republic.

Question 21

Daniel Shays

Answer 21

(August 1747 – September 29, 1825) was an American soldier, revolutionary and farmer famous for being one of the leaders and namesake of Shays’ Rebellion, a populist uprising against controversial debt collection and tax policies in Massachusetts in 1786–1787.

Question 22

Patrick Henry

Answer 22

A gifted orator and major figure in the American Revolution, his rousing speeches—which included a 1775 speech to the Virginia legislature in which he famously declared, “Give me liberty, or give me death!”—fired up America’s fight for independence.

Question 23

Massachusetts constitution

Answer 23

The 1780 Constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, drafted by John Adams, is the world’s oldest functioning written constitution. It served as a model for the United States Constitution, which was written in 1787 and became effective in 1789.

Question 24

Richard Henry lee

Answer 24

Lee opposed the federal constitution, as he favored strong state rights. He was however elected the first State Senator from Virginia under the new federal government. He retired from that office to his home in Chantilly due to illness, and soon after died at the age of 62.