Chapter 27

Question 1

Big Sister Policy

Answer 1

A foreign policy of Secretary of State James G. Blaine aimed at rallying Latin American nations behind American leadership and opening Latin American markets to Yankee traders. The policy bore fruit in 1889, when Blaine presided over the First International Conference of American States.

Question 2

Great Rapprochement

Answer 2

After decades of occasionally “twisting the lion’s tail,” American diplomats began to cultivate close, cordial relations with Great Britain at the end of the nineteenth century—a relationship that would intensify further during World War I.

Question 3

Reverend Josiah Strong’s Our Country

Answer 3

(1885) advocates many of the theories justifying U.S. imperialism in late—19th century America. The author, a protestant clergyman, believes that the Anglo-Saxon race, especially as it has developed in America, is the bearer of liberty and Christianity to the rest of the world.

Question 4

Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan’s book of 1890

Answer 4

a lecturer in naval history and the president of the United States Naval War College, published The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660–1783, a revolutionary analysis of the importance of naval power as a factor in the rise of the British Empire.

Question 5

Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660-1783,

Answer 5

In 1890 Mahan published his college lectures as The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660–1783. In this book he argued for the paramount importance of sea power in national historical supremacy. The book, which came at a time of great technological improvement in warships, won immediate recognition abroad.

Question 6

James G. Blaine

Answer 6

Published the Big Sister Policy, he was the secretary of state.

Question 7

Richard Olney

Answer 7

Secretary of state, warned that if Britain went to war with Venezuela, then Britain would be violating the Monroe Doctrine. When Britain disregarded this warning, President Cleveland threatended war.

Question 8

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 8

The European powers, according to Monroe, were obligated to respect the Western Hemisphere as the United States’ sphere of interest. President James Monroe’s 1823 annual message to Congress contained the Monroe Doctrine, which warned European powers not to interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere.

Question 9

McKinley Tariff

Answer 9

Shepherded through Congress by President William McKinley, this tariff raised duties on Hawaiian sugar and set off renewed efforts to secure the annexation of Hawaii to the United States.

Question 10

Queen Liliuokalani

Answer 10

was the last sovereign of Hawai’i. Many continue to admire Lili’uokalani for her resolute and peaceful resistance to the US businessmen who ended her reign and to the United States’ annexation of Hawai’i during the 1890s.

Question 11

Pearl Harbor

Answer 11

Built a military base in Hawaii

Question 12

Sugar Import

Answer 12

Became less profitable after after McKinley Tariff

Question 13

McKinley Tariff of 1890

Answer 13

tariff that raised protective tariff levels by nearly 50%, making them the highest tariffs on imports in the United States history. Theodore Roosevelt Specifically said not to mess with it. Queen Liliuokalani. From the 1820’s, the US missionaries always liked the Hawaiian Islands.

Question 14

President Grover Cleveland

Answer 14

Delayed the annexation of Hawaii

Question 15

Maine the Ship

Answer 15

USS Maine, a second-class battleship built between 1888 and 1895, was sent to Havana in January 1898 to protect American interests during the long-standing revolt of the Cubans against the Spanish government. In the evening of 15 February 1898, Maine sank when her forward gunpowder magazines exploded.

Question 16

Reverend Josiah Strong’s Our Country:

Answer 16

1885) advocates many of the theories justifying U.S. imperialism in late—19th century America. The author, a protestant clergyman, believes that the Anglo-Saxon race, especially as it has developed in America, is the bearer of liberty and Christianity to the rest of the world.

Question 17

Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan’s

Answer 17

Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan’s book of 1890, The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660-1783, argued that control of the sea was the key to world dominance; it stimulated the naval race among the great powers.

Question 18

Secretary of state, Richard Olney

Answer 18

warned that if Britain went to war with Venezuela, then Britain would be violating the Monroe Doctrine. When Britain disregarded this warning, President Cleveland threatended war.

Question 19

McKinley Tariff of 1890

Answer 19

Sugar imports from Hawaii became less profitable with the McKinley Tariff of 1890.

Question 20

insurrectos

Answer 20

Cuban insurrectos burned sugar canefields believing that if they destroyed enough of Cuba, then Spain might abandon Cuba or the United States might move in and help the Cubans with their independence.

Question 21

reconstruction camps

Answer 21

The Spanish put Cubans in reconstruction camps so they could not support the insurrectos.
America had a large investment and conducted substantial trade with Cuba.

Question 22

yellow journalism

Answer 22

William R. Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer used “yellow journalism” to inflate the anger of the American people over the crisis in Cuba.

Question 23

William R. Hearst

Answer 23

Wrote the yellow journalism

Question 24

Joseph Pulitzer

Answer 24

Wrote the yellow journalism

Question 25

Teller Amendment

Answer 25

April 11, 1898. Congress declared war and adopted the Teller Amendment. It said that when the United States had beaten the Spanish, the Cubans would be free.

Question 26

George Dewey’s

Answer 26

Commodore George Dewey’s 6-ship fleet attacked Spain’s Philippines on May 1, 1898. Dewey attacked and destroyed the 10-ship Spanish fleet at Manila.

Question 27

annex Hawaii

Answer 27

Therefore, Congress passed a joint resolution of Congress to annex Hawaii on July 7, 1898.

Question 28

Admiral Cervera

Answer 28

Shortly after the outbreak of the war, the Spanish government sent a fleet of warships to Cuba, led by Admiral Cervera. He was blockaded in the Santiago harbor in Cuba by American ships.

Question 29

Rough Riders

Answer 29

was a regiment of American volunteers that was commanded by Colonel Leonard Wood and organized by Theodore Roosevelt.

Question 30

General Nelson A. Miles

Answer 30

met little resistance when he took over Puerto Rico.
On August 12, 1898, Spain signed an armistice.
Many more Americans had been killed by malaria, typhoid, and yellow fever than by bullets.

Question 31

Anti-Imperialistic League

Answer 31

ought McKinley’s expansionist moves, in regards to the Philippines.

Question 32

expansionists

Answer 32

argued that Americans have a duty to help the underprivileged people of the world.
The Senate approved the treaty on February 6, 1899.

Question 33

Foraker Act of 1900

Answer 33

gave the Puerto Ricans a limited degree of popular government. In 1917, they were granted U.S. citizenship.

Question 34

Insular Cases

Answer 34

The Supreme Court’s rulings in the Insular Cases declared that the Constitution did not extend to the Philippines and Puerto Rico.

Question 35

Platt Amendment

Answer 35

The U.S. forced the Cubans to write their own constitution of 1901

Question 36

Philippine Commission

Answer 36

President McKinley appointed the Philippine Commission in 1899 to set up a Filipino government.

Question 37

William H. Taft

Answer 37

led the body. He genuinely liked the Filipinos, while the American soldiers did not.

Question 38

benevolent assimilation

Answer 38

President McKinley’s plan of “benevolent assimilation” of the Filipinos was very slow and it involved improving roads, sanitation, and public health. The plan developed economic ties and set up a school system with English as the 2nd language. This system was hated by the Filipinos who preferred liberty over assimilation.

Question 39

Open Door

Answer 39

Secretary of State John Hay released the Open Door note, which urged foreign powers to respect Chinese commercial rights. Russia was the only major power to not accept it.

Question 40

Boxer Rebellion

Answer 40

n 1900, Chinese group known as the “Boxers” killed hundreds of foreigners in the Boxer Rebellion. A multinational rescue force came in and stopped the rebellion.

Question 41

William Jennings Bryan

Answer 41

was the Democratic presidential candidate for the election. Bryan and the Democratic Party supported the silver standard and anti-imperialism.

Question 42

Hay-Pauncefote Treaty

Answer 42

allowed the U.S. to build and fortify the canal.

Question 43

Bunau-Varilla.

Answer 43

Bunau-Varilla became the Panamanian minister to the United States and signed the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty in Washington.

Question 44

Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty

Answer 44

The revolt was led by Bunau-Varilla.
Bunau-Varilla became the Panamanian minister to the United States and signed the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty in Washington. The treaty gave the U.S. control of a 10-mile zone around the proposed Panama Canal.

Question 45

Panama Canal

Answer 45

1904 the construction of the Panama Canal began, and it was completed in 1914 at a cost of $400 million.

Question 46

preventive intervention

Answer 46

Roosevelt feared that this would allow for future European involvement in Latin America, so he created a policy known as “preventive intervention.”

Question 47

Roosevelt Corollary

Answer 47

to the Monroe Doctrine declared that the U.S. could pay off the Latin American counties’ debts to keep European nations out of Latin America.

Question 48

Gentlemen’s Agreement.

Answer 48

President Roosevelt stepped in and persuaded the Californians to repeal the segregation. The Japanese agreed to stop the flow of immigrants to the United States.

Question 49

Root-Takahira agreement

Answer 49

The U.S. and Japan pledged themselves to respect each other’s territorial possessions.

Question 50

Japan Russian war

Answer 50

1904 after Russia failed to withdraw troops from Manchuria and Korea. Roosevelt brokered a peace agreement in 1905 in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. The Japanese received no compensation for their losses and the southern half of Sakhalin.