Chapter/Packet 23

Question 1

Waving the Bloody T-Shirt

Answer 1

were pejorative phrases, used during American election campaigns in the 19th century, to deride opposing politicians who made emotional calls to avenge the blood of soldiers that died in the Civil War.

Question 2

Tweed Ring

Answer 2

A group of corrupt officials in New York City, USA. It revolved around William Marcy Tweed (1823–78), the New York city political “boss” and state senator who had built his power through the influence of Tammany Hall.

Question 3

Credit Mobilier Scandal

Answer 3

was a two-part fraud conducted from 1864 to 1867 by the Union Pacific Railroad and the Crédit Mobilier of America construction company in the building of the eastern portion of the First transcontinental railroad.

Question 4

Panic of 1873

Answer 4

during the time of the Freedman’s Bank. The panic started with a problem in Europe, when the stock market crashed. Investors began to sell off the investments they had in American projects, particularly railroads.

Question 5

Gilded Age

Answer 5

was an era extending roughly from 1877 to 1900, which was sandwiched between the Reconstruction era and the Progressive Era. It was a time of rapid economic growth, especially in the Northern and Western United States

Question 6

Patronage

Answer 6

the financial support or business provided to a store, hotel, or the like, by customers, clients, or paying guests. patrons collectively; clientele. the control of or power to make appointments to government jobs or the power to grant other political favors. offices, jobs, or other favors so controlled.

Question 7

Compromise of 1887

Answer 7

an informal, unwritten deal that settled the disputed 1876 U.S. Presidential election; through it Republican Rutherford B. Hayes was awarded the White House on the understanding that he would remove the federal troops from South Carolina, Florida and Louisiana.

Question 8

Civil Rights Act of 1875

Answer 8

The bill guaranteed all citizens, regardless of color, access to accommodations, theatres, public schools, churches, and cemeteries.

Question 9

Sharecropping

Answer 9

a system where the landlord/planter allows a tenant to use the land in exchange for a share of the crop. This encouraged tenants to work to produce the biggest harvest that they could, and ensured they would remain tied to the land and unlikely to leave for other opportunities.

Question 10

Jim Crow

Answer 10

laws were state and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States.

Question 11

Plessy vs Ferguson

Answer 11

was a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision in which the Court ruled that racial segregation laws did not violate the U.S. Constitution as long as the facilities for each race were equal in quality, a doctrine that came to be known as “separate but equal”.

Question 12

Great Strike of 1877

Answer 12

More than 100,000 workers participated in the Great Railroad Strike of 1877, at the height of which more than half the freight on the country’s tracks had come to a halt. By the time the strikes were over, about 1,000 people had gone to jail and some 100 had been killed. In the end the strike accomplished very little.

Question 13

Chinese Exclusion Act

Answer 13

It was the first significant law restricting immigration into the United States. In the spring of 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed by Congress and signed by President Chester A. Arthur. This act provided an absolute 10-year ban on Chinese laborers immigrating to the United States.

Question 14

Pendleton Act of 1883

Answer 14

provided that federal government jobs be awarded on the basis of merit and that government employees be selected through competitive exams. The act also made it unlawful to fire or demote for political reasons employees who were covered by the law.

Question 15

Civil Serivce Commission

Answer 15

Enforce Civil Service law and rules, policies, standards on personnel management within their respective jurisdiction; Provide technical advice and assistance to government offices and agencies regarding personnel administration; and. Perform such other functions as may be delegated by the Commission.

Question 16

Andrew Johnson

Answer 16

Andrew Johnson was an American politician and tailor who served as the 17th president of the United States, from 1865 to 1869. He assumed the presidency following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, as he was vice president at that time.

Question 17

Billion Dollar Congress

Answer 17

The 51st United States Congress, referred to by some critics as the Billion Dollar Congress, was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives.

Question 18

McKinley Tariff Act of 1890

Answer 18

boosting protective tariff rates of nearly 50 percent on average for many American products. Ways and Means Committee Chairman William McKinley of Ohio led the effort in the House.

Question 19

Ulysses Grant

Answer 19

Ulysses S. Grant was an American military officer and politician who served as the 18th president of the United States from 1869 to 1877. As Commanding General, he led the Union Army to victory in the American Civil War in 1865 and thereafter briefly served as Secretary of War.

Question 20

Horatio Seymore

Answer 20

was an American politician. He served as Governor of New York from 1853 to 1854 and from 1863 to 1864. He was the Democratic Party nominee for president in the 1868 United States presidential election, losing to Republican Ulysses S. Grant.

Question 21

Jim Fisk

Answer 21

was the Gilded Age robber baron personified. He gained wealth and fame manipulating gold and railroad stocks on Wall Street and never shied from broadcasting his wealth. He strutted around Manhattan in elaborate uniforms with perfumed hair, waxed mustache, and fingers adorned with diamonds.

Question 22

Jay Gould

Answer 22

railroad entrepreneur of the union pacific railroad company; obtained generous land and subsidies from federal, state, and local governments & sold bonds and stocks to the public to finance the expensive construction of the railroad; thought by many to have manipulated stock markets for his own benefit.

Question 23

Burly (Boss) Tweed

Answer 23

Tweed’s greatest influence came from being an appointed member of a number of boards and commissions, his control over political patronage in New York City through Tammany, and his ability to ensure the loyalty of voters through jobs he could create and dispense on city-related projects.

Question 24

Thomas Nast

Answer 24

Among his notable works were the creation of the modern version of Santa Claus (based on the traditional German figures of Sankt Nikolaus and Weihnachtsmann) and the political symbol of the elephant for the Republican Party (GOP).

Question 25

Samuel J Tilden

Answer 25

was an American politician who served as the 25th Governor of New York and was the Democratic candidate for president in the disputed 1876 United States presidential election.

Question 26

Whiskey Ring

Answer 26

took place from 1871 to 1876 centering in St. Louis during the Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant. The ring was an American scandal, broken in May 1875, involving the diversion of tax revenues in a conspiracy among government agents, politicians, whiskey distillers, and distributors.

Question 27

Wiliam Belknap

Answer 27

A former Iowa state legislator and Civil War general, Belknap had held his cabinet post for nearly eight years. In the rollicking era that Mark Twain dubbed the Gilded Age, Belknap was famous for his extravagant Washington parties and his elegantly attired first and second wives.

Question 28

Horace Greeley

Answer 28

American newspaper editor who is known especially for his vigorous articulation of the North’s antislavery sentiments during the 1850s.

Question 29

Amnesty Act

Answer 29

is a United States federal law passed on May 22, 1872, which removed most of the penalties imposed on former Confederates by the Fourteenth Amendment, adopted on July 9, 1868.

Question 30

Greenbacks

Answer 30

Name given to paper money issued by the government during the Civil War, so called because the back side was printed with green ink. They were not redeemable for gold, but $300 million were issued anyway.

Question 31

Rutherford B. Hayes

Answer 31

was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 19th president of the United States from 1877 to 1881, after serving in the U.S. House of Representatives and as governor of Ohio.

Question 32

Rutherford B. Hayes

Answer 32

was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 19th president of the United States from 1877 to 1881, after serving in the U.S. House of Representatives and as governor of Ohio.

Question 33

James Garfield

Answer 33

was the 20th president of the United States, serving from March 4, 1881 until his death six months later—two months after he was shot by assassin Charles J. Guiteau.

Question 34

James Garfield

Answer 34

was the 20th president of the United States, serving from March 4, 1881 until his death six months later—two months after he was shot by assassin Charles J. Guiteau.

Question 35

Chester Arthur

Answer 35

was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 21st president of the United States from 1881 to 1885. He previously served as the 20th vice president under President James A. Garfield.

Question 36

Winfield Scott

Answer 36

he was in command during the Indian Wars in the west. In 1838, he oversaw the infamous Cherokee Removal, better known as the Trail of Tears. On July 5, 1841, Scott assumed office as Commanding General of the United States Army, its most senior position, and was promoted to Major General.

Question 37

Charles Guiteau

Answer 37

was an American man who assassinated James A. Garfield, president of the United States, on July 2, 1881. Guiteau falsely believed he had played a major role in Garfield’s election victory, for which he should have been rewarded with a consulship.

Question 38

James Blaine

Answer 38

was an American statesman and Republican politician who represented Maine in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1863 to 1876, serving as Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1869 to 1875, and then in the United States Senate from 1876 to 1881

Question 39

Grover Cleveland

Answer 39

was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 22nd and 24th president of the United States from 1885 to 1889 and from 1893 to 1897. Cleveland is the only president in American history to serve two non-consecutive terms in office.

Question 40

Benjamin Harrison

Answer 40

was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 23rd president of the United States from 1889 to 1893. He was a member of the Harrison family of Virginia–a grandson of the ninth president, William Henry Harrison, and a great-grandson of Benjamin Harrison V, a Founding Father.

Question 41

Thomas Reed

Answer 41

was an American politician from the state of Maine. A member of the Republican Party, he was elected to the United States House of Representatives 12 times, first in 1876, and served as Speaker of the House, from 1889 to 1891 and again from 1895 to 1899.