Chapter/Packet 20

Question 1

Battle of Bull Run

Answer 1

The outcome was significant because it shocked many people, including Northern politicians, who believed the conflict between the North and South would be short-lived. It also provided Southern forces with confidence they could hold their own with the Northern army.

Question 2

Peninsula Campaign

Answer 2

Initiated by Union Major General George B. McClellan, the purpose of the Peninsula Campaign was to advance on and capture the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia, via the Virginia Peninsula situated between the James and York rivers.

Question 3

Henry and Fort Donelson

Answer 3

In addition to marking the first major Union victory in the Civil War, the Battle of Fort Henry, along with the subsequent Union victory at the Battle of Fort Donelson, restored Western and middle Tennessee and most of Kentucky to the Union.

Question 4

Shiloh

Answer 4

crucial success for the Union Army, led by Gen. Ulysses S. Grant’s Army of the Tennessee (named for the river, not the state). It allowed Grant to begin a massive operation in the Mississippi Valley later that year.

Question 5

Second Battle of Bull Run

Answer 5

The Army of Northern Virginia had defeated the Union Army of the Potomac outside of Richmond then proceeded to almost destroy the Army of Virginia on the fields near Bull Run.

Question 6

Antietam battle

Answer 6

Most importantly, Union victory at Antietam provided President Abraham Lincoln the opportunity he had wanted to announce the Emancipation Proclamation, making the Battle of Antietam one of the key turning points of the American Civil War.

Question 7

Emancipation Proclamtion

Answer 7

Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of bloody civil war. The proclamation declared “that all persons held as slaves” within the rebellious states “are, and henceforward shall be free.”

Question 8

13th Amendment

Answer 8

to the United States Constitution provides that “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.”

Question 9

Gettysburg

Answer 9

T he Battle of Gettysburg was fought July 1–3, 1863, in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, by Union and Confederate forces during the American Civil War. The battle involved the largest number of casualties of the entire war and is often described as the war’s turning point.

Question 10

Gettysburg Adress

Answer 10

The main purpose of the Gettysburg Address at the time it was given was to commemorate a new National Cemetery at Gettysburg. It also gave Lincoln’s purpose for pushing on to win the Civil War - the abolition of slavery and the reunification of the Union.

Question 11

Vicksburg

Answer 11

location on the Mississippi River made it a critical win for both the Union and the Confederacy. The Confederate surrender there ensured Union control of the Mississippi River and cleaved the South in two.

Question 12

Sherman’s March

Answer 12

was marked by its objective, to cripple the Confederacy’s ability to wage war. They destroyed anything and everything important to the war effort, leaving ruins where Georgia’s great cities once stood.

Question 13

Congressional Committee on the Conduct of the War

Answer 13

started on December 9, 1861, and was dismissed in May 1865. The committee investigated the progress of the war against the Confederacy. Meetings were held in secret, but reports were issued from time to time.

Question 14

Copperheads

Answer 14

vocal faction of Democrats in the Northern United States of the Union who opposed the American Civil War, wanting an immediate peace settlement with the Confederates.

Question 15

Union Party

Answer 15

was a United States third party active during the 1860 elections. It consisted of conservative former Whigs, largely from the Southern United States, who wanted to avoid secession over the slavery issue and refused to join either the Republican Party or the Democratic Party.

Question 16

Wilderness Campaign

Answer 16

The bloody Battle of the Wilderness, in which no side could claim victory, marked the first stage of a major Union offensive toward the Confederate capital of Richmond, ordered by the newly named Union general-in-chief Ulysses S. Grant in the spring of 1864. Inconclusive.

Question 17

Appomattox Courthouse

Answer 17

Trapped by the Federals near Appomattox Court House, Confederate general Robert E. Lee surrendered his army to Union general Ulysses S. Grant, precipitating the capitulation of other Confederate forces and leading to the end of the bloodiest conflict in American history.

Question 18

Reform of 1867

Answer 18

granted the vote to all householders in the boroughs as well as lodgers who paid rent of £10 a year or more. reduced the property threshold in the counties and gave the vote to agricultural landowners and tenants with very small amounts of land.

Question 19

George B McClellan

Answer 19

is often remembered as the great organizer of the Union Army of the Potomac. Nicknamed “Young Napoleon,” “Little Mac” was immensely popular with the men who served under his command.

Question 20

John C Fremont

Answer 20

After thoroughly exploring much of the Pacific Northwest, he went southward into Mexican-controlled territory. He first went through what is now northwestern Nevada and then made a perilous westward winter crossing of the Sierra Nevada to California, reaching Fort Sutter on the Sacramento River in March 1844.

Question 21

Samuel Curtis

Answer 21

the most successful federal general west of the Mississippi River during the American Civil War. He is primarily remembered as the victor at the battles of Pea Ridge and Westport.

Question 22

David Farrangut

Answer 22

for his victory at the Battle of Mobile Bay in 1864, where he led his fleet through a field of “torpedoes,” submerged explosives, while they took Confederate fire from the shore.

Question 23

Wiliam Tecumseh Sherman

Answer 23

was a Union general during the Civil War, playing a crucial role in the victory over the Confederate States and becoming one of the most famous military leaders in U.S. history.

Question 24

Salmon Chase

Answer 24

While serving a second term in the U.S. Senate, he was tapped by Abraham Lincoln to become Secretary of the Treasury. As Secretary, Chase was instrumental in establishing a national banking system after the National Banking Acts of 1863 and 1864 were passed.

Question 25

Stephen A Douglas

Answer 25

Douglas staunchly supported U.S. territorial expansion and desired a transcontinental railroad, a free land/homestead policy, and the formal organization of U.S. territories. It was these desires that led to Douglas’s most famous piece of legislation: the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

Question 26

Clement Vallandigham

Answer 26

Vallandigham’s case ultimately made it to the Supreme Court, which declared that the Constitution had not granted it any power to review the decisions of military tribunals. After the war, the Court declared in Ex parte Milligan (1866) that military courts had no power to try civilians outside a war zone.

Question 27

John Wilkes Booth

Answer 27

the assassin who mortally wounded U.S. Pres. Abraham Lincoln in Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C., on April 14, 1865,

Question 28

Andrew Johnson

Answer 28

With the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson became the 17th President of the United States (1865-1869), an old-fashioned southern Jacksonian Democrat of pronounced states’ rights views.