Chapter 24 Flashcards
New Immigrants
refers to the immigrants who came to the United States primarily after the 1890s, mostly from Southern and Eastern Europe. They were often poor, uneducated, and members of non-Protestant religions, such as Catholicism and Judaism.
Political Machines
is a party organization that recruits its members by the use of tangible incentives—money, political jobs—and that is characterized by a high degree of leadership control over member activity.
Settlement House
were organizations that provided support services to the urban poor and European immigrants, often including education, healthcare, childcare, and employment resources. Many settlement houses established during this period are still thriving today.
Liberal Protestants
developed in the 19th century out of a need to adapt Christianity to a modern intellectual context. With the acceptance of Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection, some traditional Christian beliefs, such as parts of the Genesis creation narrative, became difficult to defend.
Tuskegee Institute
A normal and industrial school led by Booker T. Washington in Tuskegee, Alabama. It focused on training young black students in agriculture and the trades to help them achieve economic independence.
Land-Grant colleges
to provide readily available, research-based programs and educational resources with the goal of improving the lives of the individuals, families, and communities within the state.
Pragmatism
thinking of or dealing with problems in a practical way, rather than by using theory or abstract principles.
Yellow Journalism
the use of lurid features and sensationalized news in newspaper publishing to attract readers and increase circulation. The phrase was coined in the 1890s to describe the tactics employed in the furious competition between two New York City newspapers, the World and the Journal. yellow journalism.
National American Woman’s Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
wanted a constitutional amendment to secure the vote for women, but it also supported a variety of reforms that aimed to make women equal members of society.
Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
was a religious organization whose primary purpose was to combat the influence of alcohol on families and society. It was influential in the temperance movement, and supported the 18th Amendment. The Woman’s Christian Union (WCTU) was founded in Cleveland, Ohio in November of 1874.
Realism
in philosophy, the viewpoint which accords to things which are known or perceived an existence or nature which is independent of whether anyone is thinking about or perceiving them.
Naturalism
in philosophy, a theory that relates scientific method to philosophy by affirming that all beings and events in the universe (whatever their inherent character may be) are natural. Consequently, all knowledge of the universe falls within the pale of scientific investigation.
Regionalism
the theory or practice of regional rather than central systems of administration or economic, cultural, or political affiliation.
City Beautiful movement
Movement of progressive architects and city planners who wanted to promote order, harmony, and virtue while improving upon the nation’s new urban areas like new parks built by Fredrick Law Olmsted.
World’s Colombian Exposition
of 1893 was the first world’s fair held in Chicago. Carving out some 600 acres of Frederick Law Olmsted’s Jackson Park, the exposition was a major milestone. Congress awarded Chicago the opportunity to host the fair over the other candidate cities of New York, Washington D.C. and St.
Louis Sullivan
was an American architect who used steel frames to design skyscrapers. He was also the founder of what is now the Chicago School of Architects. His most famous pupil was Frank Lloyd Wright, who later became a famous architect.
“American Fever”
was becoming a strong nation and lots of people wanted to be apart of it. America was expanding and becoming richer.
Walter Rauschenbusch
leading protestant adovocate of the “social gospel” who tried to make Christianity relevant to urban and industrial problems.
Washington Gladden
taught religion and human dignity would help the poor over come problems of industrialization.
Jane Addams
was a peace activist and a leader of the settlement house movement in America. As one of the most distinguished of the first generation of college-educated women, she rejected marriage and motherhood in favor of a lifetime commitment to the poor and social reform.
Settlement House
such as Hull House established by Jane Addams in Chicago, were established in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to help immigrants assimilate into American society.
Lillian Wald
Outspoken advocate of child labor legislation and woman.
