Chapter/ Packet 12

Question 1

Participatory democracy

Answer 1

participant democracy or participative democracy is a form of government in which citizens participate individually and directly in political decisions and policies that affect their lives, rather than through elected representatives.

Question 2

The Democrats

Answer 2

one who believes in or practices democracy. capitalized : a member of the Democratic party of the U.S.

Question 3

The Whigs

Answer 3

were a political faction and then a political party in the Parliaments of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom.

Question 4

American Indian removal

Answer 4

was the United States government policy of forced displacement of self-governing tribes of Native Americans from their ancestral homelands in the eastern United States to lands west of the Mississippi River – specifically, to a designated Indian Territory.

Question 5

corrupt bargain

Answer 5

Alleged deal between presidential candidates John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay to throw the election, to be decided by the House of Representatives, in Adams’s favor. Though never proven, the accusation became the rallying cry for supporters of Andrew Jackson, who had actually garnered a plurality of the popular vote in 1824.

Question 6

Five Civilized Tribes

Answer 6

Collective appellation of the Creek, Cherokee, Seminole, Choctaw, and Chickasaw peoples of the American Southeast. Their agricultural practices, receptivity to American missionaries, and relative political cohesion led white Americans to dub them “civilized.”

Question 7

spoils system

Answer 7

Policy of rewarding political supporters with public office, first widely employed at the federal level by Andrew Jackson. The practice was widely abused by unscrupulous office seekers, but it also helped cement party loyalty in the emerging two-party system.

Question 8

Tariff of Abominations

Answer 8

Noteworthy for its unprecedentedly high duties on imports. Southerners vehemently opposed the tariff, arguing that it hurt southern farmers, who did not enjoy the protection of tariffs but were forced to pay higher prices for manufactures.

Question 9

Nullification Crisis

Answer 9

Showdown between President Andrew Jackson and the South Carolina legislature, which declared the 1832 tariff null and void in the state and threatened secession if the federal government tried to collect duties. It was resolved by a compromise negotiated by Henry clay.

Question 10

Force Bill

Answer 10

Passed by Congress alongside the compromise Tariff of 1833, it authorized the president to use the military to collect federal tariff duties.

Question 11

Indian removal act

Answer 11

Ordered the removal of Indian tribes still residing east of the Mississippi to newly established Indian Territory west of Arkansas and Missouri. Tribes resisting eviction were forcibly removed by American forces, often after prolonged legal or military battles.

Question 12

Black Hawk War

Answer 12

Series of clashes in Illinois and Wisconsin between American forces and Indian chief Black Hawk of the Sauk and Fox tribes, who unsuccessfully tried to reclaim territory lost under the 1830 Indian Removal Act.

Question 13

Bank war

Answer 13

Battle between President Andrew Jackson and congressional supporters of the Bank of the United States over the bank’s renewal. Jackson vetoed the bank bill, arguing that the bank favored moneyed interests at the expense of western farmers.

Question 14

Anti-Masonic party

Answer 14

First founded in New York, it gained considerable influence in New England and the mid-Atlantic during the 1832 election, campaigning against the politically influential Masonic order, a secret society. Anti-Masons opposed Andrew Jackson, a Mason, and drew much of their support from evangelical Protestants.

Question 15

Pet banks

Answer 15

First founded in New York, it gained considerable influence in New England and the mid-Atlantic during the 1832 election, campaigning against the politically influential Masonic order, a secret society. Anti-Masons opposed Andrew Jackson, a Mason, and drew much of their suppo

Question 16

Specie Circular

Answer 16

U.S. Treasury decree requiring that all public lands be purchased with “hard,” or metallic, currency. Issued after small state banks flooded the market with unreliable paper currency, fueling land speculation in the West.

Question 17

Panic of 1837

Answer 17

Economic crisis triggered by bank failures, elevated grain prices, and Andrew Jackson’s efforts to curb overspeculation on western lands and transportation improvements. In response, President Martin Van Buren proposed the “Divorce Bill,” which pulled treasury funds out of the banking system altogether, contracting the credit supply.

Question 18

Alamo

Answer 18

Fortress in Texas where two hundred American volunteers were slain by Santa Anna in 1836. “Remember the Alamo” became a battle cry in support of Texan independence.

Question 19

Golaid

Answer 19

Texas outpost where American volunteers, having laid down their arms and surrendered, were massacred by Mexican forces in 1836. The incident, along with the slaughter at the Alamo, fueled American support for Texan independence.

Question 20

San Jacinto

Answer 20

Resulted in the capture of Mexican dictator Santa Anna, who was forced to withdraw his troops from Texas and recognize the Rio Grande as Texas’s southwestern border.