Chapter/Packet 14

Question 1

Second great awakening

Answer 1

a Protestant religious revival during the early 19th century in the United States. The Second Great Awakening, which spread religion through revivals and emotional preaching, sparked a number of reform movements.

Question 2

Temperance movement

Answer 2

took place in the United States from about 1800 to 1933. In the early 1800s, many Americans believed that drinking was immoral and that alcohol was a threat to the nation’s success. These beliefs led to widespread support for temperance, which means not drinking alcohol.

Question 3

Women’s rights movement

Answer 3

to win the right to vote for women in the United States. It took activists and reformers nearly 100 years to win that right, and the campaign was not easy: Disagreements over strategy threatened to cripple the movement more than once.

Question 4

Seneca Falls Convention

Answer 4

was the first women’s rights convention. It advertised itself as “a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman”. Held in the Wesleyan Chapel of the town of Seneca Falls, New York, it spanned two days over July 19–20, 1848.

Question 5

Utopian movements

Answer 5

more than 100,000 individuals formed Utopian communities in an effort to create perfect societies. The idea of a perfect society intertwined with communalism can be traced back to Plato’s Republic, the book of Acts in the New Testament, and the works of Sir Thomas More.

Question 6

The age of reasoning

Answer 6

Thomas Paine’s anticlerical treatise that accused churches of seeking to acquire “power and profit” and to “enslave mankind.”

Question 7

Deism

Answer 7

Eighteenth-century religious doctrine that emphasized reasoned moral behavior and the scientific pursuit of knowledge. Most Deists rejected biblical inerrancy and the divinity of Christ, but they did believe that a Supreme Being created the universe.

Question 8

Second great awakening

Answer 8

Religious revival characterized by emotional mass “camp meetings” and widespread conversion. Brought about a democratization of religion as a multiplicity of denominations vied for members.

Question 9

Burned over district

Answer 9

Popular name for western New York, a region particularly swept up in the religious fervor of the Second Great Awakening.

Question 10

Mormons

Answer 10

Religious followers of Joseph Smith, who founded a communal, oligarchic religious order in the 1830s, officially known as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. Mormons, facing deep hostility from their non-Mormon neighbors, eventually migrated west and established a flourishing settlement in the Utah desert.

Question 11

lyceum

Answer 11

(From the Greek name for the ancient Athenian school where Aristotle taught.) Public lecture hall that hosted speakers on topics ranging from science to moral philosophy. Part of a broader flourishing of higher education in the mid-nineteenth century.

Question 12

American temperance society

Answer 12

Founded in Boston in 1826 as part of a growing effort of nineteenth-century reformers to limit alcohol consumption.

Question 13

Maine law of 1851

Answer 13

Prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcohol. A dozen other states followed Maine’s lead, though most statutes proved ineffective and were repealed within a decade.

Question 14

Prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcohol. A dozen other states followed Maine’s lead, though most statutes proved ineffective and were repealed within a decade.

Answer 14

Gathering of feminist activists in Seneca Falls, New York, where Elizabeth Cady Stanton read her “Declaration of Sentiments,” stating that “all men and women are created equal.”

Question 15

New harmony’s

Answer 15

Communal society of around one thousand members, established in New Harmony, Indiana, by Robert Owen. The community attracted a hodgepodge of individuals, from scholars to crooks, and fell apart due to infighting and confusion after just two years.

Question 16

Brook farm

Answer 16

Transcendentalist commune founded by a group of intellectuals, who emphasized living plainly while pursuing the life of the mind. The community fell into debt and dissolved when their communal home burned to the ground in 1846.

Question 17

Oneida Community

Answer 17

One of the more radical utopian communities established in the nineteenth century, it advocated “free love,” birth control, and eugenics. Utopian communities reflected the reformist spirit of the age.

Question 18

Federal statement

Answer 18

Early national style of architecture that borrowed from neoclassical models and emphasized symmetry, balance, and restraint. Famous builders associated with this style included Charles Bulfinch and Benjamin Latrobe.

Question 19

Green revival

Answer 19

Inspired by the contemporary Greek independence movement, this building style, popular between 1820 and 1850, imitated ancient Greek structural forms in search of a democratic architectural vernacular.

Question 20

Hudson River school

Answer 20

American artistic movement that produced romantic renditions of local landscapes.

Question 21

Romanticism

Answer 21

Early nineteenth-century movement in European and American literature and the arts that, in reaction to the hyper-rational Enlightenment, emphasized imagination over reason, nature over civilization, intuition over calculation, and the self over society.

Question 22

transcendentalism

Answer 22

Literary and intellectual movement that emphasized individualism and self-reliance, predicated upon a belief that each person possesses an “inner light” that can point the way to truth and direct contact with God.

Question 23

The American Scholar

Answer 23

Ralph Waldo Emerson’s address at Harvard College, in which he declared an intellectual independence from Europe, urging American scholars to develop their own traditions.

Question 24

Susan B Anthony

Answer 24

pioneer in the women’s suffrage movement in the United States and president of the National Woman Suffrage Association,

Question 25

Elizabeth Stanton

Answer 25

began the organized women’s rights movement in 1848 and continued to be a leader in the effort.

Question 26

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Answer 26

the first American to completely translate Dante Alighieri’s Divine Comedy and was one of the fireside poets from New England.

Question 27

Harvard college

Answer 27

the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and one of the most prestigious and highly ranked universities in the world.

Question 28

Evangeline 1847

Answer 28

The poem follows an Acadian girl named Evangeline and her search for her lost love Gabriel, set during the time of the Expulsion of the Acadians.

Question 29

The Song of Hiawatha

Answer 29

. The epic relates the fictional adventures of an Ojibwe warrior named Hiawatha and the tragedy of his love for Minnehaha, a Dakota woman.

Question 30

Charles g finney

Answer 30

Preached everyone could be saved through faith and hard work, appealed to middle class.

Question 31

Peter cartwrite

Answer 31

Attacketd 1,000 of people during preaching, activities faith of people who never belonged to church. By 1850 batist and Methodist were largest Protestant denomination in the country.

Question 32

Millennialist

Answer 32

Believe that world about to end with second Jesus.

Question 33

William Miller

Answer 33

A millennialist, predicted that oct 21, 1844 the world will end. Nothing happened but a new Christian denomination arose.

Question 34

Joseph smith

Answer 34

Founder of Mormon 1830, starred in New York then to Ohio then to Missouri and finally Illinois there they met a angry mob where they were murdered. But under Brigham young they escaped to the western fronts. Established New Zion.

Question 35

Brigham young

Answer 35

A Mormon who follows Joseph smith to Illinois. Then when the angers mob came to murder, he step up and helped the Mormons escape to new Zion.

Question 36

Romanticism

Answer 36

Expressed in US by transcendental.

Question 37

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Answer 37

Wrote essay and lectured express r us to create its own culture and not to copy Europe.

Question 38

George Ripley

Answer 38

founder of the short-lived Utopian community Brook Farm in West Roxbury, Massachusetts.

Question 39

Shakers

Answer 39

One of the communal experiments. Strictly separated men and women. For lack of new recruits died out by mid 1900.

Question 40

Amanda Colonies

Answer 40

Colonies in Iowa, Germans that believed Pietism. Similar to shakers continued to prosper, no longer practice their communal ways.

Question 41

Movement for public asylums

Answer 41

In the 1820-1830 humanitairan reform called attention to the number of people on the asylums. The conditions they usually lived in were horrible and either abused or neglected by their caretaker. Reform were made in hopes for a better environment.

Question 42

Dorothea Dix

Answer 42

played an instrumental role in the founding or expansion of more than 30 hospitals for the treatment of the mentally ill.

Question 43

Thomas Gallaudet

Answer 43

pioneering education for the deaf in the United States and establishing the American School for the Deaf in Connecticut

Question 44

Samuel gridley

Answer 44

first director of the Perkins Institution for the Blind in Massachusetts and a notable abolitionist during the Civil War era.

Question 45

Horace Mann

Answer 45

He spearheaded the Common School Movement, ensuring that every child could receive a basic education funded by local taxes. His influence soon spread beyond Massachusetts as more states took up the idea of universal schooling.

Question 46

William McGuffey

Answer 46

e was a founder of the common school system of Ohio.

Question 47

William Lloyd Garrison

Answer 47

printer, newspaper publisher, radical abolitionist, suffragist, civil rights activist

Question 48

James Birney

Answer 48

prominent opponent of slavery in the United States who was twice the presidential candidate of the abolitionist Liberty Party.

Question 49

William still

Answer 49

abolitionist movement leader and writer during the antebellum period in American history.

Question 50

David ruggles

Answer 50

was an African-American abolitionist, writer, publisher and hydropathic practitioner who was a courageous voice of black freedom. He assisted hundreds escaping slavery, and mentored future abolitionist luminaries Frederick Douglass, Sojourner Truth, and William Cooper Nell.

Question 51

Henery highland Garnet

Answer 51

Presbyterian clergyman, radical abolitionist, editor, humanist and black nationalist, is best known as a leader in the militant antislavery cause. His fervent appeal for a slave uprising in 1843 still stands today as a prime example of his radical thought.

Question 52

Margret fuller

Answer 52

American writer, a women’s rights activist, and was associated with the Transcendentalist movement. Fuller was an influential early feminist whose writings had a profound impact on later women suffrage campaigners, such as Susan B. Anthony.