Chapter/Packet 21

Question 1

Freedman Bureau

Answer 1

was to operate “during the present war of rebellion, and for one year thereafter,” and also established schools, supervised contracts between freedmen and employers, and managed confiscated or abandoned lands.

Question 2

Oliver Howard

Answer 2

headed the Freedmen’s Bureau (1865–72) to help rehabilitate former slaves during the period of Reconstruction.

Question 3

Andrew Johnson

Answer 3

Andrew Johnson became the 17th President of the United States (1865-1869), an old-fashioned southern Jacksonian Democrat of pronounced states’ rights views.

Question 4

10% Reconstruction Plan

Answer 4

President Lincoln proposed a reconstruction program that would allow Confederate states to establish new state governments after 10 percent of their male population took loyalty oaths and the states recognized the permanent freedom of formerly enslaved people.

Question 5

Wade Davis Bill

Answer 5

Led by the Radical Republicans in the House and Senate, Congress passed the Wade-Davis bill on July 2, 1864—co-sponsored by Senator Benjamin Wade of Ohio and Representative Henry Davis of Maryland—to provide for the admission to representation of rebel states upon meeting certain conditions.

Question 6

Black Codes

Answer 6

restricted black people’s right to own property, conduct business, buy and lease land, and move freely through public spaces. A central element of the Black Codes were vagrancy laws. States criminalized men who were out of work, or who were not working at a job whites recognized.

Question 7

Sharecropping

Answer 7

a system where the landlord/planter allows a tenant to use the land in exchange for a share of the crop.

Question 8

Civil Rights Bill

Answer 8

The Act prohibited discrimination in public accommodations and federally funded programs. It also strengthened the enforcement of voting rights and the desegregation of schools. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is the nation’s benchmark civil rights legislation, and it continues to resonate in America.

Question 9

13th Amendment

Answer 9

Passed by Congress on January 31, 1865, and ratified on December 6, 1865, the 13th Amendment abolished slavery in the United States.

Question 10

14th Amendment

Answer 10

Equal Protection and Other Rights

Question 11

Charles Summer

Answer 11

Sumner was the leader of the anti-slavery forces in the state and a leader of the Radical Republicans in the U.S. Senate during the American Civil War. During Reconstruction, he fought to minimize the power of the ex-Confederates and guarantee equal rights to the freedmen.

Question 12

Thaddeus Stevens

Answer 12

ardent abolitionist who championed the rights of blacks for decades—up to, during, and after the Civil War. With other Radical Republicans, he agitated for emancipation, black fighting units, and black suffrage.

Question 13

Reconstruction Act of 1867

Answer 13

outlined the terms for readmission to representation of rebel states. The bill divided the former Confederate states, except for Tennessee, into five military districts.

Question 14

15th Amedment

Answer 14

guaranteed African-American men the right to vote. Almost immediately after ratification, African Americans began to take part in running for office and voting.

Question 15

Ex Parte Milligan

Answer 15

the leading U.S. Supreme Court case that found the president exceeded his legal powers to suppress dissenters during the American Civil War. The decision also helped establish the tradition that presidential and military action based on war had limits.

Question 16

Redeemers

Answer 16

were a political coalition in the Southern United States during the Reconstruction Era that followed the Civil War. Redeemers were the Southern wing of the Democratic Party. They sought to regain their political power and enforce white supremacy.

Question 17

Women’s Loyal League

Answer 17

Women’s organization formed to help bring about an end to the Civil War and encourage Congress to pass a constitutional amendment prohibiting slavery.

Question 18

Elizabeth Stanton

Answer 18

Author, lecturer, and chief philosopher of the woman’s rights and suffrage movements, Elizabeth Cady Stanton formulated the agenda for woman’s rights that guided the struggle well into the 20th century.

Question 19

Susan Anthony

Answer 19

Champion of temperance, abolition, the rights of labor, and equal pay for equal work, Susan Brownell Anthony became one of the most visible leaders of the women’s suffrage movement. Along with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, she traveled around the country delivering speeches in favor of women’s suffrage. Susan B.

Question 20

Fredrick Douglass

Answer 20

the 1845 publication of his first book The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, Written By Himself. He fought throughout most of his career for the abolition of slavery and worked with notable abolitionists like William Lloyd Garrison and Gerrit Smith.

Question 21

Union League

Answer 21

were formed across the South after 1867 as working auxiliaries of the Republican Party, supported entirely by Northern interests. They were secret organizations that mobilized freedmen to register to vote and to vote Republican.

Question 22

Scalawags

Answer 22

a white Southerner acting in support of the reconstruction governments after the American Civil War often for private gain

Question 23

Carpetbaggers

Answer 23

political candidate who seeks election in an area where they have no local connections.

Question 24

Hiram Revels

Answer 24

was an American Republican politician, minister in the African Methodist Episcopal Church, and a college administrator. Born free in North Carolina, he later lived and worked in Ohio, where he voted before the Civil War.

Question 25

Blanch Bruce

Answer 25

Elected to the Senate in 1874 by the Mississippi state legislature, he served from 1875 to 1881, becoming the first African American to preside over the Senate in 1879.

Question 26

Klu Klux Klan

Answer 26

is an American white supremacist, right-wing terrorist, and hate group whose primary targets are African Americans, Jews, Latinos, Asian Americans, Native Americans, and Catholics, as well as immigrants, leftists, homosexuals,

Question 27

Force Acts

Answer 27

to end such violence and empower the president to use military force to protect African Americans.

Question 28

Colfax Massacre

Answer 28

On April 13, 1873—Easter Sunday—a mob of hundreds of white men killed an estimated 150 Black people while attacking the Grant Parish courthouse in Colfax, Louisiana. Many of the Black victims were murdered in cold blood after surrendering. Only three white men died.

Question 29

Tenure of Office Act

Answer 29

was a United States federal law, in force from 1867 to 1887, that was intended to restrict the power of the president to remove certain office-holders without the approval of the U.S. Senate. The law was enacted March 2, 1867, over the veto of President Andrew Johnson.

Question 30

Edwin Stanton

Answer 30

secretary of war who, under Pres. Abraham Lincoln, tirelessly presided over the giant Union military establishment during most of the American Civil War (1861–65).

Question 31

Benjamin Butler

Answer 31

served as a Congressman and Chairman for the House Committee on Reconstruction. As committee chair, he authored the Klu Klux Klan Act of 1871 and co-authored, along with Senator Charles Sumner, the Civil Rights Act of 1875.

Question 32

William Seward

Answer 32

Seward carefully managed international affairs during the Civil War and also negotiated the 1867 purchase of Alaska. Seward was born in Florida, New York on May 16, 1801.

Question 33

Seward’s Folly

Answer 33

a term that refers to Secretary of State William Seward’s purchase of Alaska from Russia in 1867. Because the land was located so far north, it was considered virtually unusable and uninhabitable.