Chapter 30 Flashcards
“red scare
The “red scare” of 1919-1920 resulted in a nationwide crusade against people whose Americanism was suspect. Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer rounded up people who were in question.
Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer
The “red scare” of 1919-1920 resulted in a nationwide crusade against people whose Americanism was suspect. Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer rounded up people who were in question.
Russia
Fear of Russia swept across the country in the years following the communist Bolshevik revolution of 1917.
criminal syndicalism laws
In 1919-1920, some states passed criminal syndicalism laws that made it illegal to advocate the use of violence to obtain social change. Traditional American ideals of free speech were restricted
American plan
Striking employees were viewed as Un-American. Some business supported the American plan, in which employees were not required to join unions.
Antiredism
Antiredism and antiforeignism were reflected in the criminal case of Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti
antiforeignism
Antiredism and antiforeignism were reflected in the criminal case of Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti
Nicola Sacco
Antiredism and antiforeignism were reflected in the criminal case of Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti.
Bartolomeo Vanzetti.
Antiredism and antiforeignism were reflected in the criminal case of Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti.
Ku Klux Klan
The Ku Klux Klan (Knights of the Invisible Empire) grew in the early 1920s out of the growing intolerance and prejudice of the American public. It was most popular in the Midwest and the South
Emergency Quota Act of 1921
Emergency Quota Act of 1921 placed a quota on the number of European immigrants who could come to America each year; it was set at 3% of the people of their nationality who had been living in the United States in 1910.
The Immigration Act of 1924
The Immigration Act of 1924 replaced the Quota Act of 1921, cutting quotas for foreigners from 3% to 2%. Japanese were banned from coming to America. Canadians and Latin Americans were exempt from the act, because their close proximity made it easy to attract them when they were needed and it was easy to send them home when they were not needed.
18th Amendment
The 18th Amendment, passed in 1919, banned alcohol. It was enforced by the Volstead Act.
Volstead Act.
The 18th Amendment, passed in 1919, banned alcohol. It was enforced by the Volstead Act.
Prohibition
Prohibition was popular in the South, where white southerners wanted to keep stimulants out of the hands of blacks, and in the West, where alcohol was associated with crime and corruption.was popular in the South, where white southerners wanted to keep stimulants out of the hands of blacks, and in the West, where alcohol was associated with crime and corruption.
Speakeasies
“Prohibitionists were naïve in believing that the law could be enforced; the Federal government had a weak track record of enforcing laws that controlled personal lives. Prohibition might have started off better if there had been a larger number of enforcement officials.
“Speakeasies” replaced saloons.” replaced saloons.
“Scarface” Al Capone
In Chicago, “Scarface” Al Capone, a murderous booze distributor, began 6 years of gang warfare that generated millions of dollars. Capone was eventually tried and convicted of income-tax evasion and sent to prison for 11 years.
Charles A. Lindbergh
Gangsters began to move into other profitable and illicit activities: prostitution, gambling, narcotics, and kidnapping for ransom.
After the son of Charles A. Lindbergh was kidnapped for ransom and then murdered, Congress passed the Lindbergh Law in 1932, making interstate abduction in certain circumstances a death-penalty offense.
Lindbergh Law in 1932,
After the son of Charles A. Lindbergh was kidnapped for ransom and then murdered, Congress passed the Lindbergh Law in 1932, making interstate abduction in certain circumstances a death-penalty offense.
Professor John Dewey
In the 1920s, states started to put a larger focus on education. Professor John Dewey set forth the principles of “learning by doing” that formed the foundation of so-called progressive education. He believed that “education for life” should be a primary goal of the teacher.
Science and healthcare also improved during the 1920s.
Fundamentalists
Fundamentalists, old-time religionists, claimed that the teaching of Darwinism evolution was destroying faith in God and the Bible, while contributing to the moral breakdown of youth.
Darwinism evolution
Fundamentalists, old-time religionists, claimed that the teaching of Darwinism evolution was destroying faith in God and the Bible, while contributing to the moral breakdown of youth.
John T. Scope
In 1925, John T. Scopes was indicted in Tennessee for teaching evolution.
“Monkey Trial,
At the “Monkey Trial,” Scopes was defended by Clarence Darrow, while former presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan prosecuted him. Scopes was found guilty and fined $100.
William Jennings Bryan
At the “Monkey Trial,” Scopes was defended by Clarence Darrow, while former presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan prosecuted him. Scopes was found guilty and fined $100.
Modernism
Modernism: philosophical movement during the 1920s; a key component of this movement was the questioning of social conventions.
H.L. Mencken
H.L. Mencken attacked marriage, patriotism, democracy, and prohibition in his monthly American Mercury.
F. Scott Fitzgerald
F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote This Side of Paradise in 1920 and The Great Gatsby in 1925.
Earnest Hemingway
Earnest Hemingway was among the writers most affected by the war. He responded to propaganda and the overblown appeal to patriotism. He wrote of disillusioned, spiritually numb American expatriates in Europe in The Sun Also Rises (1926).
Sinclair Lewis
Sinclair Lewis wrote Main Street (1920) and Babbitt (1922).
Sherwood Anderson
Sherwood Anderson wrote Winesburg, Ohio (1919).
Harlem Renaissance
Harlem Renaissance: a black cultural movement that grew out of Harlem
stock market
In the 1920s, the stock market became increasingly popular to the average citizen.
Bureau of the Budget
In 1921, the Republican Congress created the Bureau of the Budget to help the president submit an annual budget to Congress. It was designed to prevent haphazardly extravagant appropriations.
annual budget
In 1921, the Republican Congress created the Bureau of the Budget to help the president submit an annual budget to Congress. It was designed to prevent haphazardly extravagant appropriations.
Treasury Secretary Andrew Mellon’s
Treasury Secretary Andrew Mellon’s belief was that taxes forced the rich to invest in tax-exempt securities rather than in factories; this hurt business. Mellon helped create a series of tax reductions from 1921-1926 to help rich people. Congress also eliminated the gift tax, reduced excise taxes, the surtax, the income tax, and estate taxes. Mellon’s policies shifted the tax burden from the wealthy to the middle-income groups. Mellon reduced the national debt by $10 billion.
